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Sea urchin arylsulfatase, an extracellular matrix component, is involved in gastrulation during embryogenesis

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Abstract

Arylsulfatases (Arses) have been regarded as lysosomal enzymes because of their hydrolytic activities on synthetic aromatic substrates and their lysosomal localization of their enzymatic activities. Using sea urchin embryos, we previously demonstrated that the bulk of Hemicentrotus Ars (HpArs) does not exhibit enzyme activity and is located on the apical surface of the epithelial cells co-localizing with sulfated polysaccharides. Here we show that HpArs strongly binds to sulfated polysaccharides and that repression of the synthesis by HpArs-morpholino results in retardation of gastrulation in the sea urchin embryo. Accumulation of HpArs protein and sulfated polysaccharides on the apical surface of the epithelial cells in sea urchin larvae is repressed by treatment with β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), suggesting that deposition of HpArs and sulfated polysaccharides is dependent on the crosslinking of proteins such as collagen-like molecules. We suggest that HpArs functions by binding to components of the extracellular matrix.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their thanks to Dr. Fred H. Wilt for his advice in preparation and critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 14658239) and for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (11152227) to K.A. from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture, Japan, and the Hayashi Memorial Foundation for Female Natural Scientists to K. M.-N. (02R99).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan

    Keiko Mitsunaga-Nakatsubo

  2. Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan

    Yoshihiro Akimoto & Hayato Kawakami

  3. MMBS, Graduate School of Sciences, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa, 238-0225, Japan

    Koji Akasaka

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  1. Keiko Mitsunaga-Nakatsubo
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  2. Yoshihiro Akimoto
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  3. Hayato Kawakami
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  4. Koji Akasaka
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Correspondence to Koji Akasaka.

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Communicated by V. Hartenstein

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Mitsunaga-Nakatsubo, K., Akimoto, Y., Kawakami, H. et al. Sea urchin arylsulfatase, an extracellular matrix component, is involved in gastrulation during embryogenesis. Dev Genes Evol 219, 281–288 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00427-009-0289-5

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