Abstract
To examine embryogenic mechanisms in the starfish Patiria (Asterina) pectinifera, we histochemically analyzed several larval stages using Alcian Blue (AB, which stains acidic mucins), Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS, which stains neutral mucins), and 21 types of lectins. Carbohydrate distribution patterns were observed in the cytoplasm, basement membrane, and blastocoel as follows: (1) The first group of lectins showed granular signals in the mesendodermal cells, and these lectins may be useful as mesendoderm markers. (2) The second class of lectins showed diffuse signals across the entire cytoplasm from the hatched blastula until the mid gastrula. These signals became localized to the basal cytoplasm of archenteron cells at the early bipinnaria. (3) Lectin reactivity in the basement membrane peaked at the early-to-mid gastrula and was nearly gone by the early bipinnaria. These results suggest the existence of various substances in the basement membrane and imply the importance of these substances during archenteron elongation and the induction of mesenchyme differentiation. (4) Signal colors with AB–PAS double staining in the blastocoel changed from magenta (by PAS staining) into blue (by AB staining) during these stages, thus, indicating that mucin located in the blastocoel changed from neutral to acidic. The most significant part of this report is the first description regarding temporal changes in the characteristics of intra- and extracellular components with the combination of many different lectins and stains.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Dr. H. Kaneko (Keio Univ.) and Dr. S. Saito (Gifu Univ.) for many stimulating discussions and useful technical advice. We also thank all the members of the Misaki, Asamushi, Ushimado, and Mukaishima marine biological laboratories for their help with collecting the starfish. The present study was partly supported by grants-in-aid for scientific research (C18510024 to K M, ER19659380 to S M) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
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Communicated by H. Nishida
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Doihara, T., Miguchi, Y., Miyawaki, K. et al. Spatiotemporal distribution patterns of oligosaccharides during early embryogenesis in the starfish Patiria pectinifera . Dev Genes Evol 219, 199–206 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00427-009-0280-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00427-009-0280-1