Abstract
Cell-mediated responses of the moth immune system involve the interaction of two main classes of hemocytes—granular cells and plasmatocytes. During embryogenesis, granular cells arise much earlier than plasmatocytes, and the presence of granular cells is closely coupled with the formation of basal laminae that line the hemocoel occupied by hemocytes. Although epithelial cells contribute the large extracellular matrix protein lacunin to embryonic matrices before granular cells begin contributing this protein to basal laminae, the spatial pattern of lacunin expression in early embryos parallels the later distribution of granular cells over surfaces of basal laminae. Plasmatocytes arise late in embryogenesis, after the cessation of the major morphogenetic movements and the establishment of intact basal laminae. Granular cells are intimately involved with remodeling of basal laminae, and disruptions in the structure of basal laminae can trigger an autoimmune response of granular cells and plasmatocytes. By arising after basal laminae have been molded and remodeled by granular cells, plasmatocytes presumably do not encounter the cues that trigger their aggregation and an autoimmune response.
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Acknowledgements
The electron micrographs and confocal images were prepared by Lou Ann Miller at the Center for Microscopy and Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Illinois. She meticulously and skillfully prepared all final images for this publication. Scott Siechen of the Department of Cell and Structural Biology provided information on comparative staging of Drosophila embryos. Stephanie Shockey carefully prepared the final version of this manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (1 R01 HL 64657).
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Nardi, J.B. Embryonic origins of the two main classes of hemocytes—granular cells and plasmatocytes—in Manduca sexta . Dev Genes Evol 214, 19–28 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00427-003-0371-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00427-003-0371-3