Abstract
Subjective perception of time is altered during vigorous exercise. This could be due in part to the fatigue associated with physical activity at high intensities. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fatigue, specifically, on subjective time perception. Twenty-six healthy, untrained subjects (17 men/9 women; age = 26.0 ± 4.3 years; \({\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{2}\)peak = 38.13 ± 5.62 mL/kg/min) completed a maximal aerobic exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Time perception was assessed before (PRE) and after (POST) the exercise test using a time production task wherein subjects started a stopwatch and stopped it once they believed a designated time period had passed. This time produced with the stopwatch was the estimate of the target time that was compared to the target time interval. Relative error of the timing task was significantly higher for POST (0.112 ± 0.260) than for PRE (0.028 ± 0.173), p = .032, η2 = .178. Subjects produced ~ 8.4% more time than the target intervals when fatigued, which is indicative of a slower sense of time perception. A shift in attentional focus from timing to the sensations associated with fatigue is a possible factor to explain this result. Future studies which investigate the effects of exercise on time perception should consider the impact of fatigue experienced during exercise.
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Data availability
Descriptive and inferential statistics are available at the OSF external data repository here: (https://osf.io/82veb/). The full data set is available upon request from the corresponding author.
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AM designed the study. AM and MO carried out procedures and collected data. AM and MO analyzed the data. AM prepared the first draft of the manuscript. AM and MO reviewed the manuscript before submission.
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Moore, A.R., Olson, M. Sense of time is slower following exhaustive cycling exercise. Psychological Research 88, 826–836 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01914-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01914-9