Abstract
Main conclusion
Phytophthora infestans effectors manipulate the antagonism of host hormones to interfere with the immune response of plants at different infection stages.
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans) poses a serious threat to global crop production, and its effectors play an indispensable role in its pathogenicity. However, the function of these effectors during the switch from biotrophy to necrotrophy of P. infestans remains unclear. Further research on the effectors that manipulate the antagonistic response of host hormones is also lacking. In this study, a coexpression analysis and infection assays were performed to identify distinct gene expression changes in both P. infestans and tomato. During the switch from biotrophy to necrotrophy, P. infestans secretes three types of effectors to interfere with host salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), and abscisic acid (ABA) levels. The three aforementioned effectors also regulate the host gene expression including NPR1, TGA2.1, PDF1.2, NDR1, ERF3, NCED6, GAI4, which are involved in hormone crosstalk. The changes in plant hormones are mediated by the three types of effectors, which may accelerate infection and drive completion of the P. infestans lifecycle. Our findings provide new insight into plant‒pathogen interactions that may contribute to the prevention growth of hemibiotrophic pathogens.
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Data availability
All data analyzed during this study are included in Suppl. Tables S2–5.
Abbreviations
- JA:
-
Jasmonic acid
- SA:
-
Salicylic acid
- ET:
-
Ethylene
- ABA:
-
Abscisic acid
- GA:
-
Gibberellin
- Hpi:
-
Hour post-infection
- EV:
-
Empty vector
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This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32230091 and 32072592).
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The study was conceived and directed by YL and ZW. All the experiments and analysis were carried out by ZW, CS, and WH. QS and ZW wrote the paper. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Wang, Z., Su, C., Hu, W. et al. The effectors of Phytophthora infestans impact host immunity upon regulation of antagonistic hormonal activities. Planta 258, 59 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-023-04215-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-023-04215-y