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Plant BBR/BPC transcription factors: unlocking multilayered regulation in development, stress and immunity

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Abstract

Main conclusion

This review provides a detailed structural and functional understanding of BBR/BPC TF, their conservation across the plant lineage, and their comparative study with animal GAFs.

Abstract

Plant-specific Barley B Recombinant/Basic PentaCysteine (BBR/BPC) transcription factor (TF) family binds to “GA” repeats similar to animal GAGA Factors (GAFs). These GAGA binding proteins are among the few TFs that regulate the genes at multiple steps by modulating the chromatin structure. The hallmark of the BBR/BPC TF family is the presence of a conserved C-terminal region with five cysteine residues. In this review, we present: first, the structural distinct yet functional similar relation of plant BBR/BPC TF with animal GAFs, second, the conservation of BBR/BPC across the plant lineage, third, their role in planta, fourth, their potential interacting partners and structural insights. We conclude that BBR/BPC TFs have multifaceted roles in plants. Besides the earliest identified function in homeotic gene regulation and developmental processes, presently BBR/BPC TFs were identified in hormone signaling, stress, circadian oscillation, and sex determination processes. Understanding how plants’ development and stress processes are coordinated is central to divulging the growth-immunity trade-off regulation. The BBR/BPC TFs may hold keys to divulge the interactions between development and immunity. Moreover, the conservation of BBR/BPC across plant lineage makes it an evolutionary vital gene family. Consequently, BBR/BPCs are prospective to attract the increasing attention of the scientific communities as they are probably at the crossroads of diverse fundamental processes.

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  1. Anubhav Sahu and Ritu Singh contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Plant Immunity Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Anubhav Sahu & Praveen Kumar Verma

  2. Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Ritu Singh

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Sahu, A., Singh, R. & Verma, P.K. Plant BBR/BPC transcription factors: unlocking multilayered regulation in development, stress and immunity. Planta 258, 31 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-023-04188-y

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