Abstract
Main conclusion
LBD18 and IAA14 antagonistically interact with ARF7 through the electrostatic faces in the ARF7PB1 domain, modulating ARF7 transcriptional activity.
Abstract
Auxin Response Factor 7 (ARF7)/ARF19 control lateral root development by directly activating Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain 16 (LBD16)/LBD18 genes in Arabidopsis. LBD18 upregulates ARF19 expression by binding to the ARF19 promoter. It also interacts with ARF7 through the Phox and Bem1 (PB1) domain to enhance the ARF7 transcriptional activity, forming a dual mode of positive feedback loop. LBD18 competes with the repressor indole-3-acetic acid 14 (IAA14) for ARF7 binding through the PB1 domain. In this study, we examined the molecular determinant of the ARF7 PB1 domain for interacting with LBD18 and showed that the electronic faces in the ARF7 PB1 domain are critical for interacting with LBD18 and IAA14/17. We used a luminescence complementation imaging assay to determine protein–protein interactions. The results showed that mutation of the invariant lysine residue and the OPCA motif in the PB1 domain in ARF7 significantly reduces the protein interaction between ARF7 and LBD18. Transient gene expression assays with Arabidopsis protoplasts showed that IAA14 suppressed transcription-enhancing activity of LBD18 on the LUC reporter gene fused to the ARF19 promoter harboring an auxin response element, but mutation of the invariant lysine residue and OPCA motif in the PB1 domain of IAA14 reduced the repression capability of IAA14 for transcription-enhancing activity of LBD18. We further showed that the same mutation in the PB1 domain of IAA14 reduces its repression capability, thereby increasing the LUC activity induced by both ARF7 and LBD18 compared with IAA14. These results suggest that LBD18 competes with IAA14 for ARF7 binding via the electrostatic faces of the ARF7 PB1 domain to modulate ARF7 transcriptional activity.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- LBD:
-
Lateral organ boundaries domain
- ARF:
-
Auxin response factor
- Aux/IAA:
-
Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid
- PB1:
-
Phox and Bem1
- LUC:
-
Luciferase
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by grants from Basic Research Laboratory (2020R1A4A2002901) and Mid-Career Researcher Program (2021R1A2C1006296) through the National Research Foundation of Korea, funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology of Korea to J. Kim.
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Nguyen, U.T., Pandey, S.K. & Kim, J. LBD18 and IAA14 antagonistically interact with ARF7 via the invariant Lys and acidic residues of the OPCA motif in the PB1 domain. Planta 258, 26 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-023-04183-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-023-04183-3