Abstract
Main conclusion
Foliar Se (IV) application at 100 mg/kg can act as a positive bio-stimulator of redox, photosynthesis, and nutrient metabolism in alfalfa via phenotypes, nutritional compositions, biochemistry, combined with transcriptome analysis.
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for mammals, and plants are the primary source of dietary Se. However, Se usually has dual (beneficial/toxic) effects on the plant itself. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage resources in the world due to its high nutritive value. In this study, we have investigated the effects of sodium selenite (Se (IV)) (0, 100, 200, 300, and 500 mg/kg) on eco-physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional mechanisms in alfalfa. The phenotypic and nutritional composition alterations revealed that lower Se (IV) (100 mg/kg) levels positively affected alfalfa; it enhanced the antioxidant activity, which may contribute to redox homeostasis and chloroplast function. At 100 mg/kg Se (IV) concentration, the H2O2, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents decreased by 36.72% and 22.62%, respectively, whereas the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) increased by 31.10%. Se supplementation at 100 mg/kg increased the plant pigments contents, the light-harvesting capacity of PSII (Fv/Fm) and PSI (ΔP700max), and the carbon fixation efficiency, which was demonstrated by enhanced photosynthesis (37.6%). Furthermore, alfalfa shifted carbon flux to protein synthesis to improve quality at 100 mg/kg of Se (IV) by upregulating carbohydrate and amino acid metabolic genes. On the contrary, at 500 mg/kg, Se (IV) became toxic. Higher Se (IV) disordered the plant antioxidant system, increasing H2O2 and MDA by 14.2 and 4.3%, respectively. Moreover, photosynthesis was inhibited by 20.2%, and more structural substances, such as lignin, were synthesized. These results strongly suggest that Se (IV) at a concentration of 100 mg/kg act as the positive bio-stimulator of redox metabolism, photosynthesis, and nutrient in alfalfa.
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Data availability
All data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and within its supplementary data published online. RNA-seq data are available at the NCBI SRA database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE192349) under accession number GSE192349.
Abbreviations
- ADF:
-
Acid detergent fiber
- ADL:
-
Acid detergent lignin
- CNCPS:
-
Cornell Net Carbohydrate Protein System
- CHO:
-
Carbohydrates
- CP:
-
Rude protein
- EE:
-
Ether extract
- GPX:
-
Glutathione peroxidase
- GSH:
-
Glutathione
- qP:
-
Photochemical quenching
- NDF:
-
Neutral detergent fiber
- NPN:
-
Non-protein nitrogen
- NPQ:
-
Non-photochemical quenching
- POD:
-
Peroxidase
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by grants from Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (Grant No. 201503134), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51508518), the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (Grant No. 162300410127) and Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project (Grant No. 222102110388).
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Supplementary file1 Pearson correlation between samples between Low Se and CK groups. R-values are represented by the depth of the red colour; the darker the colour, the smaller is the R-value and the lower is the overlap (PNG 339 KB)
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Supplementary file2 Pearson correlation of Correlation of RNA-seq and qPCR. Data using the log2 fold change measure of the genes differentially expressed P value under correlation analysis (PNG 64 KB)
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Wang, Q., Hu, J., Hu, H. et al. Integrated eco-physiological, biochemical, and molecular biological analyses of selenium fortification mechanism in alfalfa. Planta 256, 114 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-04027-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-04027-6