Abstract
Main conclusion
A novel gene belonging to the aldo–keto reductase 13 family is involved in isoliquiritigenin biosynthesis in dahlia.
Abstract
The yellow pigments of dahlia flowers are derived from 6′-deoxychalcones, which are synthesized via a two-step process, involving the conversion of 3-malonyl-CoA and 4-coumaloyl-CoA into isoliquiritigenin in the first step, and the subsequent generation of butein from isoliquiritigenin. The first step reaction is catalyzed by chalcone synthase (CHS) and aldo–keto reductase (AKR). AKR has been implicated in the isoflavone biosynthesis in legumes, however, isolation of butein biosynthesis related AKR members are yet to be reported. A comparative RNA-seq analysis between two dahlia cultivars, ‘Shukuhai’ and its butein-deficient lateral mutant ‘Rinka’, was used in this study to identify a novel AKR gene involved in 6'-deoxychalcone biosynthesis. DvAKR1 encoded a AKR 13 sub-family protein with significant differential expression levels, and was phylogenetically distinct from the chalcone reductases, which belongs to the AKR 4A sub-family in legumes. DNA sequence variation and expression profiles of DvAKR1 gene were correlated with 6′-deoxychalcone accumulation in the tested dahlia cultivars. A single over-expression analysis of DvAKR1 was not sufficient to initiate the accumulation of isoliquiritigenin in tobacco, in contrast, its co-overexpression with a chalcone 4′-O-glucosyltransferase (Am4′CGT) from Antirrhinum majus and a MYB transcription factor, CaMYBA from Capsicum annuum successfully induced isoliquiritigenin accumulation. In addition, DvAKR1 homologous gene expression was detected in Coreopsideae species accumulating 6′-deoxychalcone, but not in Asteraceae species lacking 6′-deoxychalcone production. These results not only demonstrate the involvement of DvAKR1 in the biosynthesis of 6'-deoxychalcone in dahlia, but also show that 6′-deoxychalcone occurrence in Coreopsideae species developed evolutionarily independent from legume species.
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Data availability and materials
The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in the Genbank and Sequence Read Archive under the accession number PRJDB12893 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJDB12893). Accession numbers: DvAKR1-1 cDNA (LC671883), DvAKR1-1 genomic sequence (LC671879), DvAKR1-2 cDNA (LC671884), DvAKR1-2 genomic sequence (LC671880), DvAKR1-3 cDNA (LC671885), DvAKR1-3 genomic sequence (LC671881), DvAKR1-4 cDNA (LC671886), DvAKR1-4 genomic sequence (LC671882), DvAKR2 (LC671887), DvAKR3 (LC671888), DvAKR4 (LC671889), DvAKR5 (LC671890) and DvCH3H (LC671891). Preliminary RNA-seq: ‘Shukuhai’ ray floret at stage 2 (DRR337625); ‘Rinka’ ray floret at stage 2 (DRR337626).
Abbreviations
- 4′CGT:
-
Chalcone 4′-O-glucosyltransferase
- AKR:
-
Aldo–keto reductase
- AS:
-
Aureusidin synthase
- AUS:
-
Aurone synthase
- CH3H:
-
Chalcone 3-hydroxylase
- CHR:
-
Chalcone reductase
- CHS:
-
Chalcone synthase
- F3’H:
-
Flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase
- HPLC:
-
High-performance liquid chromatography
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This study was supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (No. 18K14455) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to SO.
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Communicated by Anastasios Melis.
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Ohno, S., Yamada, H., Maruyama, K. et al. A novel aldo–keto reductase gene is involved in 6′-deoxychalcone biosynthesis in dahlia (Dahlia variabilis). Planta 256, 47 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-03958-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-03958-4