Abstract
Main conclusion
In cells of growing rye roots, xyloglucans and homogalacturonans demonstrate developmental stage specificity, while different xylans have tissue specificity. Mannans, arabinans and galactans are also detected within the protoplast. Mannans form films on sections of fresh material.
Abstract
The primary cell walls of plants represent supramolecular exocellular structures that are mainly composed of polysaccharides. Cell wall properties and architecture differ between species and across tissues within a species. We revised the distribution of cell wall polysaccharides and their dynamics during elongation growth and histogenesis in rye roots using nonfixed material and the spectrum of antibodies. Rye is a member of the Poaceae family and thus has so-called type II primary cell walls, which are supposed to be low in pectins and xyloglucans and instead have arabinoxylans and mixed-linkage glucans. However, rye cell walls at the earliest stages of cell development were enriched with the epitopes of xyloglucans and homogalacturonans. Mixed-linkage glucan, which is often considered an elongation growth-specific polysaccharide in plants with type II cell walls, did not display such dynamics in rye roots. The cessation of elongation growth and even the emergence of root hairs were not accompanied by the disappearance of mixed-linkage glucans from cell walls. The diversity of xylan motifs recognized by different antibodies was minimal in the meristem zone of rye roots, but this diversity increased and showed tissue specificity during root growth. Antibodies specific for xyloglucans, galactans, arabinans and mannans bound the cell content. When rye root cells were cut, the epitopes of xyloglucans, galactans and arabinans remained within the cell content, while mannans developed net-like or film-like structures on the surface of sections.
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Data availability
The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
This work was partially supported by the Russian Science Foundation [project number 18-14-00168, light microscopy, LK] and with financial support from the government assignment for FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS [epifluorescence and confocal microscopy, AP, GS, TG]. The study was partially carried out on the equipment of the CSF-SAC FRC KSC RAS. We would like to express our gratitude to Prof Paul Knox (University of Leeds, Leeds, UK), Dr Marie-Christine Ralet and Dr Fabienne Guillon (French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Nantes, France) and Prof Ewa Mellerowicz (Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå, Sweden) for kindly provided antibodies and dye used in this study. Rye seeds were provided by Prof Mira Ponomareva (Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Kazan, Russia). London Resin White embedded sections of maize root (Fig. S5a, b) were prepared and imaged by Dr Marina Ageeva (Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan, Russia).
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Petrova, A., Sibgatullina, G., Gorshkova, T. et al. Dynamics of cell wall polysaccharides during the elongation growth of rye primary roots. Planta 255, 108 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-03887-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-03887-2