Abstract
Main conclusion
Drought alone and drought plus warming will change the nutrient requirements and biomass distributions of Stylosanthes capitata, while warming will be advantageous only under well-watered condition for the next decades.
Abstract
Climate change effects on natural and managed ecosystems are difficult to predict due to its multi-factor nature. However, most studies that investigate the impacts of climate change factors on plants, such as warming or drought, were conducted under one single stress and controlled environments. In this study, we evaluated the effects of elevated temperature (+ 2 °C) (T) under different conditions of soil water availability (W) to understand the interactive effects of both factors on leaf, stem, and inflorescence macro and micronutrients concentration and biomass allocation of a tropical forage species, Stylosanthes capitata Vogel under field conditions. Temperature control was performed by a temperature free-air controlled enhancement (T-FACE) system. We observed that warming changed nutrient concentrations and plant growth depending on soil moisture levels, but the responses were specific for each plant organ. In general, we found that warming under well-watered conditions greatly improved nutrient concentration and biomass production, whilst the opposite effect was observed under non-irrigated and non-warmed conditions. However, under warmed and non-irrigated conditions, leaf biomass and leaf nutrient concentration were greatly reduced when compared to non-warmed and irrigated plants. Our findings suggest that warming (2 °C above ambient temperature) and drought, as well as both combined stresses, will change the nutrient requirements and biomass distributions between plant aerial organs of S. capitata in tropical ecosystems, which may impact animal feeding in the future.
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Abbreviations
- T :
-
Temperature
- aT/eT:
-
Ambient T/elevated T
- W:
-
Soil water availability
- IR:
-
Irrigated
- NIR:
-
Non-irrigated
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Wolf Seeds for providing the S. capitata seeds. We thank Bruce Kimball from the USDA and Franco Miglietta from IBIMET, Italy. We also thank the postgraduate and undergraduate students who contributed to the field work.
Funding
This research was supported by the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Thematic Project (Grant 2008/58075–8), and by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (Grant 446357/2015–4) to C.A.M. The Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and FAPESP provided graduate studentships to D.O.V. and E.H. (Grant 16/09742–8), respectively. This study was financed in part by CAPES—Finance Code 001.
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Olivera-Viciedo, D., de Mello Prado, R., Martinez, C.A. et al. Are the interaction effects of warming and drought on nutritional status and biomass production in a tropical forage legume greater than their individual effects?. Planta 254, 104 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-021-03758-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-021-03758-2