Abstract
Main conclusion
Calli derived from young leaves of Aesculus turbinata contained tracheary elements with large pores that resembled perforations of vessel elements.
Abstract
The differentiation of tracheary elements in vitro provides a useful system for detailed analysis of xylem cell differentiation. To examine the mechanism of formation of cell wall structures, new differentiation systems are required that allows us to induce highly organized structures, such as perforations. In this study, we developed such a system in which we were able to induce formation of tracheary elements with perforations, using calli of a hardwood, Aesculus turbinata. Young leaves of A. turbinata were placed on modified MS medium that contained 5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 5 μM benzyladenine (BA). Tracheary elements were induced in calli derived from young leaves of A. turbinata. Some tracheary elements formed broad areas of secondary wall with typical features of secondary xylem. Other tracheary elements formed spiral thickenings, which are typical features of vessel elements in secondary xylem of A. turbinata. Approximately 10% of tracheary elements formed large pores that resembled perforations of vessel elements and various types of the perforation plate were observed. Addition of NAA and brassinolide to the induction medium enhanced the differentiation of tracheary elements in calli of A. turbinata. Newly induced tracheary elements also formed typical features of secondary xylem such as perforations of the vessel elements. Our model system might be useful in efforts to understand the mechanisms of formation of highly organized structures in tracheary elements in secondary xylem.
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Abbreviations
- BA:
-
Benzyladenine
- NAA:
-
1-Naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported, in part, by KAKENHI grants from JSPS (nos. 20120009, 24380090, 15K07508, 15H04527, 16K14954, 16K18726, 18H02251 and 19K15882) and by Education Funds from Nisshin Sugar Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan).
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YY, KK, JY, SN, UW, and RF designed the work; YY and EN performed experi-ments and data analyses; YY and RF wrote the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript for publication.
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Communicated by Dorothea Bartels.
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Yamagishi, Y., Kudo, K., Yoshimoto, J. et al. Tracheary elements from calli of Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata) form perforation-like structures. Planta 253, 99 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-021-03621-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-021-03621-4