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Functional redundancy and divergence of β-carbonic anhydrases in Physcomitrella patens

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Abstract

Main conclusion

β-carbonic anhydrases, which function in regulating plant growth, C/N status, and stomata number, showed functional redundancy and divergence in Physcomitrella patens.

Abstract

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) catalyze the interconversion of CO2 and HCO3−. Plants have three evolutionarily unrelated CA families: α-, β-, and γ-CAs. βCAs are abundant in plants and are involved in CO2 assimilation, stress responses, and stomata formation. Recent studies of βCAs have mainly examined C3 or C4 plants, whereas their functions in non-vascular plants are mostly unknown. In this study, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the evolution of βCAs were conserved between subaerial green algae and bryophytes after terrestrialization event, and βCAs from some cyanobacteria might begin evolving for the adaptation of terrestrial environment/habitat. In addition, we investigated the physiological roles of βCAs in the basal land plant Physcomitrella patens. High PpβCA expression levels in different tissues suggest that PpβCAs play important roles in development in P. patens. Plants treated with 1–10 mM NaHCO3 had higher fresh and dry weight, PpβCA expression, total CA activity, and photosynthetic yield (Fv/Fm) compared with water-treated plants. However, treatment with 10 mM NaHCO3 influenced the C/N status. Further study of six Ppβca single-gene mutants revealed that PpβCAs have functional redundancy and divergence in regulating the C/N ratio of plants and stomatal formation. This study provides new insight into the physiological roles of βCAs in basal land plants.

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Data availability

The plasmids, plant materials and all data used in this study will be freely available once our manuscript is accepted.

Abbreviations

CA:

Carbonic anhydrase

Pp :

Physcomitrella patens

SV:

Splice variant

WT:

Wild-type

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Acknowledgements

We thank Prof. Mitsuyasu Hasebe for providing the moss spores and pTN182 plasmid. This work was supported by the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971410), the postdoctoral Fund of Yunnan Province (1ZY81C381261, Y732681261) and the open funds of the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China

    Zexi Chen, Wenbo Wang, Xiumei Dong, Xiaojun Pu & Li Liu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China

    Li Liu

  3. State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China

    Bei Gao

  4. University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Zexi Chen & Wenbo Wang

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  1. Zexi Chen
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Correspondence to Li Liu.

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Chen, Z., Wang, W., Dong, X. et al. Functional redundancy and divergence of β-carbonic anhydrases in Physcomitrella patens. Planta 252, 20 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-020-03429-8

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