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Molecular regulation of aluminum resistance and sulfur nutrition during root growth

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Abstract

Main conclusion

Aluminum toxicity and sulfate deprivation both regulate microRNA395 expression, repressing its low-affinity sulfate transporter ( SULTR2;1 ) target. Sulfate deprivation also induces the high-affinity sulfate transporter gene ( SULTR12 ), allowing enhanced sulfate uptake.

Few studies about the relationships between sulfate, a plant nutrient, and aluminum, a toxic ion, are available; hence, the molecular and physiological processes underpinning this interaction are poorly understood. The Al–sulfate interaction occurs in acidic soils, whereby relatively high concentrations of trivalent toxic aluminum (Al3+) may hamper root growth, limiting uptake of nutrients, including sulfur (S). On the other side, Al3+ may be detoxified by complexation with sulfate in the acid soil solution as well as in the root-cell vacuoles. In this review, we focus on recent insights into the mechanisms governing plant responses to Al toxicity and its relationship with sulfur nutrition, emphasizing the role of phytohormones, microRNAs, and ion transporters in higher plants. It is known that Al3+ disturbs gene expression and enzymes involved in biosynthesis of S-containing cysteine in root cells. On the other hand, Al3+ may induce ethylene biosynthesis, enhance reactive oxygen species production, alter phytohormone transport, trigger root growth inhibition and promote sulfate uptake under S deficiency. MicroRNA395, regulated by both Al toxicity and sulfate deprivation, represses its low-affinity Sulfate Transporter 2;1 (SULTR2;1) target. In addition, sulfate deprivation induces High Affinity Sulfate Transporters (HAST; SULTR1;2), improving sulfate uptake from low-sulfate soil solutions. Identification of new microRNAs and cloning of their target genes are necessary for a better understanding of the role of molecular regulation of plant resistance to Al stress and sulfate deprivation.

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Acknowledgements

FONDECYT Project 11080231 and 11160355, MECESUP FRO 0601 and UFRO fellowships.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile

    Edith Alarcón-Poblete

  2. Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 56-D, Temuco, Chile

    Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau

  3. Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaría, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 56-D, Temuco, Chile

    Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau

  4. Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile

    Miren Alberdi & Marjorie Reyes-Díaz

  5. Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile

    Miren Alberdi & Marjorie Reyes-Díaz

  6. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia

    Zed Rengel

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  1. Edith Alarcón-Poblete
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  2. Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
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  3. Miren Alberdi
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  4. Zed Rengel
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  5. Marjorie Reyes-Díaz
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Correspondence to Marjorie Reyes-Díaz.

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Alarcón-Poblete, E., Inostroza-Blancheteau, C., Alberdi, M. et al. Molecular regulation of aluminum resistance and sulfur nutrition during root growth. Planta 247, 27–39 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-017-2805-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-017-2805-6

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