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Agatharesinol biosynthesis-related changes of ray parenchyma in sapwood sticks of Cryptomeria japonica during cell death

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Abstract

Main conclusion

The work demonstrates a relationship between the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite, agatharesinol, and cytological changes that occur in ray parenchyma during cell death in sapwood sticks of Cryptomeria japonica under humidity-regulated conditions.

To characterize the death of ray parenchyma cells that accompanies the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, we examined cell death in sapwood sticks of Cryptomeria japonica under humidity-regulated conditions. We monitored features of ray parenchyma cells, such as viability, the morphology of nuclei and vacuoles, and the amount of starch grains. In addition, we analyzed levels of agatharesinol, a heartwood norlignan, by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in the same sapwood sticks. Dramatic changes in the amount of starch grains and in the level of agatharesinol occurred simultaneously. Therefore, the biosynthesis of agatharesinol appeared to originate from the breakdown of starch. Furthermore, we observed the expansion of vacuoles in ray parenchyma cells prior to other cytological changes at the final stage of cell death. In our experimental system, we were able to follow the process of cell death and to demonstrate relationships between cytological changes and the biosynthesis of a secondary metabolite during the death of ray parenchyma cells.

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Abbreviations

DAPI:

4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole

FDA:

Fluorescein diacetate

GC–MS:

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

I2/KI:

Iodine-potassium iodide

NR:

Neutral red

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

PI:

Propidium iodide

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Mr. Shinichi Sato (Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Tree Breeding Center) for help in the collection of samples. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Nos. 23380105, 24380090, 25850121, 15H04527 and 15K07508).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan

    Satoshi Nakaba, Izumi Arakawa, Hikaru Morimoto & Ryo Funada

  2. Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Hokkaido Regional Breeding Office, 561-1 Bunkyodai-midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-0836, Japan

    Ryogo Nakada

  3. Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan

    Nobumasa Bito & Takanori Imai

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  1. Satoshi Nakaba
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  2. Izumi Arakawa
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Correspondence to Satoshi Nakaba.

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Nakaba, S., Arakawa, I., Morimoto, H. et al. Agatharesinol biosynthesis-related changes of ray parenchyma in sapwood sticks of Cryptomeria japonica during cell death. Planta 243, 1225–1236 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-016-2473-y

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