Abstract
Main conclusion
Distribution of Conyza species is well correlated with human interference. Multiple herbicide resistance is caused by the attempt to overcome resistance to one mode of action by overuse of another.
Conyza canadensis (CC) and Conyza bonariensis (CB) are troublesome weeds around the world. Extensive use of herbicides has led to the evolution of numerous Conyza spp. herbicide-resistant populations. Seeds of 91 CC and CB populations were collected across Israel. They were mostly found (86 %) in roadsides and urban habitats, two disturbed habitats that had been dramatically impacted by human activities, thus we classify these species as anthropogenic. Although pyrithiobac-sodium was only used in cotton fields, 90 % of Conyza spp. populations were identified as pyrithiobac-sodium resistant, suggesting possible natural resistance to pyrithiobac-sodium. CC21 and CC17 C. canadensis populations were highly resistant to all tested ALS inhibitors due to a substitution in the ALS gene from Trp574 to Leu. They were also atrazine resistant due to a substitution in the psbA gene from Ser264 to Gly. The high level of imazapyr and pyrithiobac-sodium resistance observed in the CC10 population was due to an Ala205 to Val substitution. However, high resistance to sulfometuron methyl and pyrithiobac-sodium in population CC6 was due to a point mutation at Pro197 to Ser. All resistant plants of CC21 population showed both psbA (Ser264 to Gly) and ALS (Trp574 to Leu) substitutions, leading us to the conclusion that the attempt to overcome resistance to one mode of action by overuse of another will most likely lead to multiple herbicide resistance. Furthermore, we concluded that only individuals that carry both mutations could survive the shift between the two modes of action and overcome the fitness cost associated with the PSII resistance.
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Abbreviations
- CC:
-
Conyza canadensis
- CB:
-
Conyza bonariensis
- ALS :
-
Acetolactate synthase
- PSII:
-
Photosystem II multiple
- MHR:
-
Multiple herbicide resistance
- MOA:
-
Mode of action
- TS:
-
Target site
- DAT:
-
Days after treatment
- ED50 :
-
Effective dose fifty
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Gal Dvorkin and Ziv Kleinman for their technical assistance. The first author (MM) is the recipient of scholarships from the Teomim Foundation, the Natan Yaffe Foundation and the Zion Cohen Foundation. This study is partially supported by the Chief Scientist of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Israel.
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Matzrafi, M., Lazar, T.W., Sibony, M. et al. Conyza species: distribution and evolution of multiple target-site herbicide resistances. Planta 242, 259–267 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2306-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2306-4