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Early transcriptional changes in Beta vulgaris in response to low temperature

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Abstract

Main conclusion

Major metabolic pathways and genes affected by low-temperature treatment were identified and a thorough picture of the early transcriptional changes in sugar beet plantlets upon cold stress was given.

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important source of sugar and bioethanol production in temperate areas worldwide. In these areas, plantlet survival and sucrose yield of mature plants can be seriously limited by low temperatures, especially when plantlets are exposed to freezing temperatures (below 0 °C) at the early developmental stages. This frequently occurs when the crop is sown in early spring or even in autumn (autumn sowing) to escape drought at maturity and pathogen outbreaks. The knowledge of molecular responses induced in plantlets early upon exposure to low temperature is necessary to understand mechanisms that allow the plant to survive and to identify reactions that can influence other late-appearing traits. In this work, a wide study of sugar beet transcriptome modulation after a short exposure to a cold stress, mimicking what is experienced in vivo by young plantlets when temperature drops in the early spring nights, was carried out by high-throughput sequencing of leaves and root RNAs (RNA-Seq). A significant picture of the earliest events of temperature sensing was achieved for the first time for sugar beet: the retrieval of a great amount of transcription factors and the intensity of modulation of a large number of genes involved in several metabolic pathways suggest a fast and deep rearrangement of sugar beet plantlets metabolism as early response to cold stress, with both similarities and specificities between the two organs.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

AF:

Antifreeze protein

AP2/ERF:

Apetala2/ethylene responsive

BR:

Brassinosteroid

CBF/DREB:

C-repeat binding factor/dehydration responsive element- binding factor

COR:

Cold responsive

DE:

Differentially expressed

FPKM:

Fragments per kilobase of exon per million fragments mapped

FunCat:

Functional Catalogue

GO:

Gene ontology

PR:

Pathogenesis-related

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TF:

Transcription factor

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Acknowledgments

The present work was funded by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MIPAF), in the frame of the research project “Agronanotech, Le nuove tecnologie molecolari per l’analisi del genoma di organismi di interesse agrario”. The authors wish to thank dr. Enrico Biancardi (CRA-Research Center for Industrial Crops, Rovigo) for providing helpful discussion on sugar beet stress physiology and genetics and for seeds of the sugar beet cv. Bianca.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Consiglio per la ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per la genomica vegetale, via San Protaso 302, 29017, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy

    Vita Maria Cristiana Moliterni, Luigi Orrù & Luigi Cattivelli

  2. Consiglio per la ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per le Colture Industriali, via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy

    Roberta Paris, Chiara Onofri, Daniela Pacifico & Giuseppe Mandolino

  3. Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Cà Vignal 1, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy

    Carla Avanzato, Alberto Ferrarini & Massimo Delledonne

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  1. Vita Maria Cristiana Moliterni
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  2. Roberta Paris
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  10. Giuseppe Mandolino
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Correspondence to Giuseppe Mandolino.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

425_2015_2299_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Electronic Supplementary Material S1 (ESM 1) Distribution of FPKM values as a function of the number of contigs in control leaves and roots (PDF 74 kb)

Electronic Supplementary Material S2 (ESM 2) Summary of all significantly DE sequences in leaves and roots (PDF 193 kb)

425_2015_2299_MOESM3_ESM.pdf

Electronic Supplementary Material S3 (ESM 3) Summary of all significantly DE transcription factors in leaves and roots (PDF 59 kb)

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Moliterni, V.M.C., Paris, R., Onofri, C. et al. Early transcriptional changes in Beta vulgaris in response to low temperature. Planta 242, 187–201 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2299-z

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