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Osmotic stress represses strigolactone biosynthesis in Lotus japonicus roots: exploring the interaction between strigolactones and ABA under abiotic stress

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Abstract

Main conclusion

Strigolactone changes and cross talk with ABA unveil a picture of root-specific hormonal dynamics under stress.

Abstract

Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived hormones influencing diverse aspects of development and communication with (micro)organisms, and proposed as mediators of environmental stimuli in resource allocation processes; to contribute to adaptive adjustments, therefore, their pathway must be responsive to environmental cues. To investigate the relationship between SLs and abiotic stress in Lotus japonicus, we compared wild-type and SL-depleted plants, and studied SL metabolism in roots stressed osmotically and/or phosphate starved. SL-depleted plants showed increased stomatal conductance, both under normal and stress conditions, and impaired resistance to drought associated with slower stomatal closure in response to abscisic acid (ABA). This confirms that SLs contribute to drought resistance in species other than Arabidopsis. However, we also observed that osmotic stress rapidly and strongly decreased SL concentration in tissues and exudates of wild-type Lotus roots, by acting on the transcription of biosynthetic and transporter-encoding genes and independently of phosphate abundance. Pre-treatment with exogenous SLs inhibited the osmotic stress-induced ABA increase in wild-type roots and down-regulated the transcription of the ABA biosynthetic gene LjNCED2. We propose that a transcriptionally regulated, early SL decrease under osmotic stress is needed (but not sufficient) to allow the physiological increase of ABA in roots. This work shows that SL metabolism and effects on ABA are seemingly opposite in roots and shoots under stress.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

AAO:

Abscisic-aldehyde oxidase

ABC:

ATP-binding cassette

AMF:

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

CCD:

Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase

D:

Dwarf

DAD:

Decreased apical dominance

EST:

Expressed sequence tag

Ljccd7 :

CCD7-knocked-down L. japonicus

MAX:

More axillary growth

NCED:

Nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase

PDR:

Pleiotropic drug resistance

SL:

Strigolactone

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Jens Stougaard (Aarhus University, Denmark) for the generous supply of Gifu B-129 seeds, Binne Zwanenburg (Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands) who kindly supplied some of the GR24 used and Tadao Asami (Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan) for providing synthetic 5-deoxystrigol and D6-5-deoxystrigol. The authors also wish to thank Paola Bonfante (University of Turin, Italy) for continuous support on the topic. The research was funded by the BioBITs Project (Piedmont Region, Converging Technologies call 2007) and the SLEPS Project (Compagnia di S. Paolo and University of Turin, call 2012) to FC, AS, CL and IV, and by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO; Vici grant, 865.06.002, and Equipment grant, 834.08.001) to HJB. JL was funded by the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC, Grant No. 2008108168).

Conflict of interest

FC, IV and AS hold a share of StrigoLab S.r.l., which provided part of the GR24 used in the study.

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Author notes

  1. Imran Haider

    Present address: Center for Desert Agriculture, BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy

    Junwei Liu, Marco Vitali, Ivan Visentin, Andrea Schubert, Claudio Lovisolo & Francesca Cardinale

  2. Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Hanzi He, Tatsiana Charnikhova, Imran Haider, Carolien Ruyter-Spira & Harro J. Bouwmeester

  3. Business Unit Bioscience, Plant Research International, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Carolien Ruyter-Spira

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Correspondence to Francesca Cardinale.

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H. He, M. Vitali and I. Visentin contributed equally to the work.

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Liu, J., He, H., Vitali, M. et al. Osmotic stress represses strigolactone biosynthesis in Lotus japonicus roots: exploring the interaction between strigolactones and ABA under abiotic stress. Planta 241, 1435–1451 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2266-8

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