Abstract
Main conclusion
Pollen tube growth in styles was strongly inhibited by temperature above 35 °C, and the yield of cotton decreased because of the adverse effect of high temperatures during square development.
High-temperature stress during flowering influences the square development of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and cotton yield. Although it is well known that square development is sensitive to high temperature, high-temperature sensitive stages of square development and the effects of high temperature on pollen tube growth in the styles are unknown. The effect of high temperature on anther development corresponding to pollen vigor is unknown during anther development. The objectives of this study were to identify the stages of square development that are sensitive to high temperatures (37/30 and 40/34 °C), to determine whether the abnormal development of squares influenced by high temperature is responsible for the variation in the in vitro germination percent of pollen grains at anthesis, to identify the effect of high temperature on pollen germination in the styles, and to determine pollen thermotolerance heterosis. Our results show that the stages from the sporogenous cell to tetrad stage (square length <6.0 mm) were the most sensitive to high temperature, and the corresponding pollen viability at anthesis was consistent with the changes in the square development stage. Pollen tube growth in the styles was strongly inhibited by temperature above 35 °C, and the yield of cotton decreased because of the effect of high temperature during square development. The thermotolerance of hybrid F1 pollen showed heterosis, and pollen viability could be used as a criterion for screening for high-temperature tolerance cultivars. These results can be used in breeding to develop new cotton cultivars that can withstand high-temperature conditions, particularly in a future warmer climate.
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Abbreviations
- Ht:
-
High temperature
- HTS:
-
High-temperature stress
- Pg:
-
Pollen germination
- PGP:
-
Pollen germination percentage
- PMC:
-
Pollen mother cell
- PTL:
-
Pollen tube length
- PTn:
-
Pollen tube number
- SE:
-
Standard error
- Tukey’s HSD:
-
Tukey’s honest significant difference
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Acknowledgments
This project was supported by the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (ZW2013), Nanjing Agricultural University.
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425_2015_2259_MOESM1_ESM.tif
Supplemental Fig. 1 The pollen tubes in the style stained with aniline blue were observed using fluorescent microscopy. (a) Pollen germinated on the stigma stained with aniline blue, and (b) pollen tubes in the style stained with aniline blue (TIFF 228 kb)
425_2015_2259_MOESM2_ESM.doc
Supplemental Table 1 The days of anther indehiscence in the three cultivars after 37/30 °C and 40/34 °C heat treatments. Nankang3, NannongR101 and Sumian12 plants were treated with 37/30 °C and 40/34 °C. ST represents the start day of indehiscent anthers after heat treatment on the first day. ED represents the end day of indehiscent anthers after heat treatment on the first day. DD represents the duration (days) of anther dehiscence from start day to end day (DOC 33 kb)
425_2015_2259_MOESM3_ESM.doc
Supplemental Table 2 The average pollen germination percentages for NannongR101, Sumian12 and Nankang3 cultivars at 30 °C, 37 °C and 40 °C. Data are shown as mean ± SE. /indicates missing observations due to the absence of flowers. 1-8 days represents the first day to 8th day, 9-15 days represents the 9th to 15th days, 16-24 days represents the 16th to 24th days, 25-28 day represents the 25th to 28th days, and 29-38 days represents 29th to 38th days. The five periods correspond to the five stages of square development. One-way ANOVA (Tukey’s HSD test) was performed, and statistically significant differences are indicated by different letters. Lowercase letters indicate significant differences (Tukey’s HSD(0.05)) among three cultivars within a temperature and a period. Uppercase letters indicate significant differences (Tukey’s HSD(0.05)) among five periods within a cultivar and a temperature (DOC 43 kb)
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Song, G., Wang, M., Zeng, B. et al. Anther response to high-temperature stress during development and pollen thermotolerance heterosis as revealed by pollen tube growth and in vitro pollen vigor analysis in upland cotton. Planta 241, 1271–1285 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2259-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2259-7