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Influence of constitutive phenolic compounds on the response of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves to infection by Plasmopara viticola

Planta volume 237, pages 351–361 (2013)Cite this article

Abstract

Flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids are known to contribute to plant resistance against pathogens, but there are few reports on the implication of flavonols in the resistance of grapevine against Plasmopara viticola, and none on the involvement of hydroxycinnamic acids. In order to analyze the effect of flavonols on P. viticola infection, variable amounts of flavonols were induced by different light conditions in otherwise phenologically identical leaves. Differences in content of leaf hydroxycinnamic acids were induced at the same time. A non-invasive monitoring of flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids was performed with Dualex leaf-clip optical sensors. Whatever the light condition, there were no significant changes in flavonol or in hydroxycinnamic acid contents for control and inoculated leaves during the development of P. viticola until 6 days after inoculation. The violet-blue autofluorescence of stilbenes, the main phytoalexins of grapevine that accumulate in inoculated leaves, was used as an indicator of infection by P. viticola. The implication of leaf constitutive flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids in the defence of Vitis vinifera against P. viticola could be investigated in vivo thanks to this indicator. The increase in stilbene violet-blue autofluorescence started earlier for leaves with low flavonol content than for leaves with higher content, suggesting that constitutive flavonols are able to slow down the infection by P. viticola. On the contrary, constitutive hydroxycinnamic acids did not seem to play a role in defence against P. viticola. The non-destructive nature of the methods used alleviates the major problem of destructive experiments: the large variability in leaf phenolic contents.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

DAD:

Diode array detector

DPI:

Days post-inoculation

Dx-Flav:

Dualex Flav

Dx-HCA:

Dualex HCA

DW:

Dry weight

Flav:

Flavonols

HCA:

Hydroxycinnamic acids

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

PDA:

Photodiode array detector

PAR:

Photosynthetically active radiation

QSEU:

Quinine sulfate equivalent unit

TQD:

Tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry detector

UPLC:

Ultra performance liquid chromatography

VBF:

Violet-blue fluorescence

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Marie Annick Dorne and Pascale Coste (INRA, Colmar) for growing the grapevine plants and P. viticola and to Sabine Merdinoglu and Didier Merdinoglu (INRA, Colmar) for their support. We are indebted to Amandine Dubois and Lionel Saunois from the ESE greenhouse facility for their help. We would like to thank Spencer C. Brown for a critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by Force-A (Orsay) in a joint project with Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) and Université Paris-Sud 11 (UPS) [grant number CNRS 521065103, INRA 28000039, UPS N73800].

Conflict of interest

ZGC declares a double link to the Force-A company: as one of the co-authors of the Dualex patent that the company exploits and as a part-time consultant to the company. Other authors have no competing interests.

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Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, UMR8079, Univ Paris-Sud, Bât 362, 91405, Orsay, France

    Gwendal Latouche, Sébastien Bellow, Sylvie Meyer & Zoran G. Cerovic

  2. CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France

    Gwendal Latouche, Sébastien Bellow, Sylvie Meyer & Zoran G. Cerovic

  3. AgroParisTech, 75231, Paris, France

    Gwendal Latouche, Sébastien Bellow, Sylvie Meyer & Zoran G. Cerovic

  4. UMR 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRA, 68000, Colmar, France

    Anne Poutaraud

  5. UMR 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, Université de Strasbourg, 68000, Colmar, France

    Anne Poutaraud

Authors
  1. Gwendal Latouche
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  2. Sébastien Bellow
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  3. Anne Poutaraud
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  4. Sylvie Meyer
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  5. Zoran G. Cerovic
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Correspondence to Gwendal Latouche.

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Latouche, G., Bellow, S., Poutaraud, A. et al. Influence of constitutive phenolic compounds on the response of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves to infection by Plasmopara viticola . Planta 237, 351–361 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-012-1776-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-012-1776-x

Keywords

  • Defence against pathogens
  • Downy mildew
  • Flavonols
  • Hydroxycinnamic acids
  • Spectrofluorimetry
  • Stilbenes