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An unusual form of reaction wood in Koromiko [Hebe salicifolia G. Forst. (Pennell)], a southern hemisphere angiosperm

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Abstract

Koromiko [Hebe salicifolia G. Forst. (Pennell)] is a woody angiosperm native to New Zealand and Chile. Hebe spp. belong to the otherwise herbaceous family Plantaginaceae in the order Lamiales. Reaction wood exerting expansional forces was found on the lower side of leaning H. salicifolia stems. Such reaction wood is atypical for angiosperms, which commonly form contracting reaction wood on the upper side of leaning stems. Reaction wood typical for angiosperms is formed by species in other families in the order Lamiales. This suggests that the form of reaction wood is specific to the family level. Functionally the reaction wood of H. salicifolia is similar to that found in gymnosperms, which both act by pushing. However, their chemical, anatomical and physical characteristics are different. Typical features of reaction wood present in gymnosperms such as high density, thick-walled rounded cells and the presence of (1 → 4)-β-galactan in the secondary cell wall layer are absent in H. salicifolia reaction wood. Reaction wood of H. salicifolia varies from normal wood in having a higher microfibril angle, which is likely to determine the direction of generated maturation stresses.

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Abbreviations

FITC:

Fluorescein isothiocyanate

H-units:

p-Hydroxyphenyl-units

L:

Longitudinal

LRS:

Longitudinally released strain

MFA:

Microfibril angle

R:

Radial

S2:

Secondary wall layer 2

S3:

Secondary wall layer 3

S2(L):

Highly lignified outer secondary wall layer 2 in compression wood

T:

Tangential

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Nagoya University Global COE Program “From Earth System Science to Basic and Clinical Environmental Studies” of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and JSPS “Institutional Program for Young Researcher Overseas Visits”. We thank Dr D. Collings (University of Canterbury) for support with the fluorescence microscopy Prof P. Harris and M. Brennan (University of Auckland) for the help with the monosaccharide analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

    Miho Kojima

  2. Institute of Wood Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Verena K. Becker

  3. NZ School of Forestry Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

    Clemens M. Altaner

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  1. Miho Kojima
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  2. Verena K. Becker
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  3. Clemens M. Altaner
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Correspondence to Clemens M. Altaner.

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Kojima, M., Becker, V.K. & Altaner, C.M. An unusual form of reaction wood in Koromiko [Hebe salicifolia G. Forst. (Pennell)], a southern hemisphere angiosperm. Planta 235, 289–297 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-011-1503-z

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