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Comparative analysis of induction pattern of programmed cell death and defense-related responses during hypersensitive cell death and development of bacterial necrotic leaf spots in eggplant

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Abstract

Pseudomonas cichorii causes necrotic leaf spots (NLS), while Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci induces a hypersensitive response (HR) in eggplant. P. cichorii induced cell death at 9 h after inoculation (HAI), reaching a maximum of around 24–30 HAI. On the other hand, cell death was induced 6 HAI with P. syringae pv. tabaci, reaching a maximum of around 12–18 HAI. Superoxide generation was observed in eggplant inoculated with both bacteria. DNA fragmentation, cytochrome c release into the cytosol and expression of defense-related genes such as PR-1 and hsr203J was also induced by inoculation with both bacteria, but these plant reactions were more rapidly induced in eggplant inoculated with P. syringae pv. tabaci rather than those with P. cichorii. Lipid peroxidation and induction of lipoxygenase (LOX) was drastically induced in eggplant inoculated with P. syringae pv. tabaci compared to P. cichorii-inoculated eggplant. Pharmacological studies showed that induction of the cell death, and the NLS or the HR in response to both bacteria was commonly associated with de novo protein synthesis, reactive oxygen species and caspase III-like protease. Interestingly, involvement of lipid peroxidation, LOX, serine protease, and DNase differed between induction of NLS and HR. These results suggest that programmed cell death might be closely associated not only with the HR but also NLS. However, there may be differences not only in the induction kinetics and level of plant responses but also in the infection-related responses between HR and NLS.

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Abbreviations

CFU:

Colony forming units

DIG:

Digoxigenin

HR:

Hypersensitive response

LOX:

Lipoxygenase

PAGE:

Polyacrylamide electrophoresis

PCD:

Programmed cell death

PR:

Pathogenesis-related

PVDF:

Polyvinylidene difluoride

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Yuki Ichinose (Okayama university) and Dr. Kasumi Takeuchi (National Institute of Agriculture) for kindly providing Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6695. This work was supported by Grants-in Aid for Scientific Research awarded to AK (16780031) and YH (15028214 and 16380037) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku, 783-8502, Japan

    Akinori Kiba, Osamu Takata & Yasufumi Hikichi

  2. Research Institute of Molecular Genetic, Kochi University, Nankoku, 783-8502, Japan

    Kouhei Ohnishi

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  1. Akinori Kiba
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  2. Osamu Takata
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  3. Kouhei Ohnishi
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Correspondence to Akinori Kiba.

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Kiba, A., Takata, O., Ohnishi, K. et al. Comparative analysis of induction pattern of programmed cell death and defense-related responses during hypersensitive cell death and development of bacterial necrotic leaf spots in eggplant. Planta 224, 981–994 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-006-0277-1

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