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Proteomic analyses of somatic and zygotic embryos of Cyclamen persicum Mill. reveal new insights into seed and germination physiology

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Abstract

In the horticulturally important ornamental species Cyclamen persicum Mill., somatic embryogenesis is an efficient vegetative propagation method and the development of artificial seeds is an ultimate aim. This study aims at a systematic comparison of the proteomes of zygotic embryos, somatic embryos grown in liquid medium containing 30 or 60 g l−1 sucrose, germinating embryos of both types and endosperm in order to obtain novel insights into seed and germination physiology. Using high resolution two-dimensional isoelectric focussing/sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D IEF/SDS PAGE), 74% of the proteins expressed in zygotic embryos were found in similar abundance in somatic embryos grown in 60 g l−1 sucrose. Somatic embryos grown in 30 g l−1 sucrose accumulated fewer protein species than those grown in 60 g l−1. Selected proteins were identified following mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS). Four enzymes involved in glycolysis (UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, fructose bisphosphate aldolase, triosephosphate isomerase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPDH) were specifically induced in somatic embryos. 11S globulin proteins identified by MS were present in high levels in somatic embryos, zygotic embryos and endosperm, whereas 7S globulins were detected mainly in endosperm and zygotic embryos. These are the first storage proteins identified in C. persicum. Xyloglucans are known to be another group of seed storage compounds in C. persicum. Interestingly, xyloglucan endotransglycosylases were found to be highly expressed in endosperm tissue. We discuss the physiological implications of these observations.

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Abbreviations

ACN:

Acetonitril

DTT:

Dithiothreitol

end:

Endosperm

GAPDH:

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

MS:

Mass spectrometry

se:

Somatic embryos

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

ze:

Zygotic embryos

2,4-D:

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

2iP:

6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino) purine

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dagmar Lewejohann and Annette Steding for their excellent technical assistance, and Professor David Collinge (The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University in Copenhagen, Denmark) for linguistic editing of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Floriculture and Woody Plant Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany

    Traud Winkelmann & Margrethe Serek

  2. Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, 25 rue Becquerel, 7509, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France

    Dimitri Heintz & Alain Van Dorsselaer

  3. Institute of Plant Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany

    Hans-Peter Braun

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  1. Traud Winkelmann
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  2. Dimitri Heintz
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  4. Margrethe Serek
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  5. Hans-Peter Braun
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Correspondence to Traud Winkelmann.

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Winkelmann, T., Heintz, D., Van Dorsselaer, A. et al. Proteomic analyses of somatic and zygotic embryos of Cyclamen persicum Mill. reveal new insights into seed and germination physiology. Planta 224, 508–519 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-006-0238-8

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