Skip to main content
Log in

A novel mutant with modified tropic responses in Pisum sativum L.

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Planta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A single-gene recessive mutant which displays increased phototropic and gravitropic responses has been isolated in Pisum sativum L. cv. Torsdag and is provisionally named mtr-1, for its modified tropic response. Mutant plants attain a greater degree of bending during both phototropic and gravitropic induction due to an extension of the curvature phase. In addition to their increase in tropic curvature, mutant plants have longer and narrower leaves as mature plants, attenuated blue-light-induced ion flux responses, and lower levels of PsPK5 mRNA (a PHOT1 orthologue). Possible causes of these effects are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1a–c
Fig. 2a–e
Fig. 3 a,b
Fig. 4a,b
Fig. 5a,b
Fig. 6a–d

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

PsPK :

Pisum sativum protein kinase

mtr :

Modified tropic response

nph :

Non-phototropic hypocotyl

phot :

Phototropin

References

  • Ausubel FM, Brent R, Kingston RE, Moore DD, Seidman JG, Smith A, Struhl K (1994) Current protocols in molecular biology, vol 1. Wiley Interscience, New York

  • Babourina O, Newman I, Shabala S (2002) Blue light-induced kinetics of H+ and Ca2+ fluxes in etiolated wild-type and phototropin-mutant Arabidopsis seedlings. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:2433–2438

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Babourina OK, Newman IA, Shabala SN (2003) Electrophysiological localization of blue light sensory sites in etiolated dicotyledon seedlings. Plant Cell Environ 26:1505–1514

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baskin TI (1986) Redistribution of growth during phototropism and nutation in the pea epicotyl. Planta 169:406–414

    Google Scholar 

  • Batschauer A (1998) Photoreceptors of higher plants. Planta 206:479–492

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baum G, Long JC, Jenkins GI, Trewavas AJ (1999) Stimulation of the blue light phototropic receptor NPH1 causes a transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:13554–13559

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bjorkman T, Cleland RE (1991) The role of extracellular free-calcium gradients in gravitropic signaling in maize roots. Planta 185:379–384

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Briggs WR, Beck CF, Cashmore AR, Christie JM, Hughes J, Jarillo JA, Kagawa T, Kanegae H, Liscum E, Nagatani A, Okada K, Salomon M, Rüdiger W, Sakai T, Takano M, Wada M, Watson JC (2001) The phototropin family of photoreceptors. Plant Cell 13:993–997

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Britz SJ, Galston AW (1982) Light-enhanced perception of gravity in stems of intact pea seedlings. Planta 154:189–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Christie JM, Reymond P, Powell GK, Bernasconi P, Raibekas AA, Liscum E, Briggs WR (1998) Arabidopsis NPH1: a flavoprotein with the properties of a photoreceptor for phototropism. Science 282:1698–1701

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Christie JM, Salomon M, Nozue K, Wada M, Briggs WR (1999) LOV (light, oxygen, or voltage) domains of the blue-light photoreceptor phototropin (nph1): binding sites for the chromophore flavin mononucleotide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:8779–8783

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott RC, Platten JD, Watson JC, Reid JB (2003) Phytochrome regulation of pea phototropin. J Plant Physiol 161:265–270

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedmann M, Poovaiah BW (1991) Calcium and protein phosphorylation in the transduction of gravity signal in corn roots. Plant Cell Physiol 32:299–302

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs I, Philippar K, Ljung K, Sandberg G, Hedrich R (2003) Blue light regulates an auxin-induced K+-channel gene in the maize coleoptile. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:11795–11800

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harper RM, Stowe-Evans EL, Luesse DR, Muto H, Tatematsu K, Watahiki MK, Yamamoto K, Liscum E (2000) The NPH4 locus encodes the auxin response factor ARF7, a conditional regulator of differential growth in aerial Arabidopsis tissue. Plant Cell 12:757–770

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hild V, Hertel R (1972) Initial phases of gravity-induced lateral auxin transport and geotropic curvature in corn coleoptiles. Planta 108:245–258

    Google Scholar 

  • Huala E, Oeller PW, Liscum E, Han IS, Larsen E, Briggs WR (1997) Arabidopsis NPH1: a protein kinase with a putative redox-sensing domain. Science 278:2120–2123

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janoudi AK, Gordon WR, Wagner D, Quail P, Poff KL (1997a) Multiple phytochromes are involved in red-light-induced enhancement of first-positive phototropism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol 113:975–979

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janoudi AK, Konjevic R, Whitelam G, Gordon W, Poff KL (1997b) Both phytochrome A and phytochrome B are required for the normal expression of phototropism in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Physiol Plant 101:278–282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jarillo JA, Ahmad M, Cashmore AR (1998) NPH2 (accession no AF053941): a second member of the NPH1 serine/threonine kinase family of Arabidopsis (PGR 98–100). Plant Physiol 117:719

    Google Scholar 

  • Kagawa T, Sakai T, Suetsugu N, Oikawa K, Ishiguro S, Kato T, Tabata S, Okada K, Wada M (2001) Arabidopsis NPL1: a phototropin homolog controlling the chloroplast high-light avoidance response. Science 291:2138–2141

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khanna R, Lin X, Watson JC (1999) Photoregulated expression of the PsPK3 and PsPK5 genes in pea seedlings. Plant Mol Biol 39:231–242

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kinoshita T, Doi M, Suetsugu N, Kagawa T, Wada M, Shimazaki K (2001) phot1 and phot2 mediate blue light regulation of stomatal opening. Nature 414:656–660

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kiss JZ, Sack FD (1990) Reduced gravitropic sensitivity in roots of a starch-deficient mutant of Nicotiana sylvestris. Planta 180:123–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin X, Feng XH, Watson JC (1991) Differential accumulation of transcripts encoding protein-kinase homologs in greening pea-seedlings. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:6951–6955

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liscum E, Briggs WR (1995) Mutations in the NPH1 locus of Arabidopsis disrupt the perception of phototropic stimuli. Plant Cell 7:473–485

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Motchoulski A, Liscum E (1999) Arabidopsis NPH3: a NPH1 photoreceptor-interacting protein essential for phototropism. Science 286:961–964

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noh B, Bandyopadhyay A, Peer WA, Spalding EP, Murphy AS (2003) Enhanced gravi- and phototropism in plant mdr mutants mislocalizing the auxin efflux protein PIN1. Nature 423:999–1002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Platten JD, Kerckhoffs LHJ, Reid JB (2000) A novel hyper-phototropic mutant. In: ComBio 2000, December 11–14, 2000, Wellington, New Zealand. Australian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kent Town, South Australia, Australia

  • Reid JB, Botwright NA, Smith JJ, O’Neill DP, Kerckhoffs LHJ (2002) Control of gibberellin levels and gene expression during de-etiolation in pea. Plant Physiol 128:734–741

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sakai T, Kagawa T, Kasahara M, Swartz TE, Christie JM, Briggs WR, Wada M, Okada K (2001) Arabidopsis nph1 and npl1: blue light receptors that mediate both phototropism and chloroplast relocation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:6969–6974

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Samboju NC, Oakley RV, Wormser DB, Santner AA, Watson JC (2002) The PsPK4 gene from the garden pea encodes phototropin 1. In: Abstract # 451, ASPB Plant Biology 2002, August 3–7 2002, Denver, Colorado. American Society of Plant Biologists, Rockville, MD

  • Shabala S, Newman I (1999) Light-induced changes in hydrogen, calcium, potassium, and chloride ion fluxes and concentrations from the mesophyll and epidermal tissues of bean leaves. Understanding the ionic basis of light-induced bioelectrogenesis. Plant Physiol 119:1115–1124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shabala SN, Newman IA, Morris J (1997) Oscillations in H+ and Ca2+ ion fluxes around the elongation region of corn roots and effects of external pH. Plant Physiol 113:111–118

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stowe-Evans EL, Harper RM, Motchoulski AV, Liscum E (1998) NPH4, a conditional modulator of auxin-dependent differential growth responses in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 118:1265–1275

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weller JL, Terry MJ, Rameau C, Reid JB, Kendrick RE (1996) The phytochrome-deficient pcd1 mutant of pea is unable to convert heme to biliverdin IXα. Plant Cell 8:55–67

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weller JL, Murfet IC, Reid JB (1997) Pea mutants with reduced sensitivity to far-red light define an important role for phytochrome A in day-length detection. Plant Physiol 114:1225–1236

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Woitzik F, Mohr H (1988) Control of hypocotyl phototropism by phytochrome in a dicotyledonous seedling (Sesamum indicum L). Plant Cell Environ 11:653–661

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Ian Cummings, Tracey Winterbottom and Leigh Johnson for technical assistance, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. This work was supported by an APA scholarship to J.D.P. and an ARC grant to J.B.R.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Damien Platten.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Platten, J.D., Shabala, S.N., Elliott, R.C. et al. A novel mutant with modified tropic responses in Pisum sativum L.. Planta 220, 222–229 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-004-1339-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-004-1339-x

Keywords

Navigation