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Exercise-induced cardiac mitochondrial reorganization and enhancement in spontaneously hypertensive rats

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Abstract

The myocardium is a highly oxidative tissue in which mitochondria are essential to supply the energy required to maintain pump function. When pathological hypertrophy develops, energy consumption augments and jeopardizes mitochondrial capacity. We explored the cardiac consequences of chronic swimming training, focusing on the mitochondrial network, in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Male adult SHR were randomized to sedentary or trained (T: 8-week swimming protocol). Blood pressure and echocardiograms were recorded, and hearts were removed at the end of the training period to perform molecular, imaging, or isolated mitochondria studies. Swimming improved cardiac midventricular shortening and decreased the pathological hypertrophic marker atrial natriuretic peptide. Oxidative stress was reduced, and even more interesting, mitochondrial spatial distribution, dynamics, function, and ATP were significantly improved in the myocardium of T rats. In the signaling pathway triggered by training, we detected an increase in the phosphorylation level of both AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3 β, key downstream targets of insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling that are crucially involved in mitochondria biogenesis and integrity. Aerobic exercise training emerges as an effective approach to improve pathological cardiac hypertrophy and bioenergetics in hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge Omar Castillo, J. Omar Vélez Rueda, and Oscar Andrés Pinilla for their excellent technical assistance in the immunoblots and echocardiography determinations and analysis.

Funding

This research was supported in part by the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica de Argentina (grant PICT 2019–00425), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (grant PIP 3297), and Universidad Nacional de La Plata (grant M11/233) awarded to Dr. Irene L. Ennis.

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  1. Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares “Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET, La Plata, Argentina

    Joshua Godoy Coto, Erica V. Pereyra, Fiorella A. Cavalli, Carlos A. Valverde, Claudia I. Caldiz, Alejandra M. Yeves & Irene L. Ennis

  2. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata “Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner” - Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET, La Plata, Argentina

    Sabina M. Maté

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J. Godoy Coto: conceptualization, investigation, formal analysis, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing, data curation, methodology. E. V. Pereyra: conceptualization, investigation, formal analysis, data curation. F. A. Cavalli: investigation, formal analysis, data curation. C. A. Valverde: investigation, formal analysis, writing—review and editing, data curation. C. I. Caldiz: conceptualization, writing—review and editing. S. M. Maté: investigation, formal analysis, writing—review and editing, data curation. A. M. Yeves: conceptualization, writing—review and editing. I. L. Ennis: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, visualization, methodology, investigation, supervision, project administration, writing—review and editing, funding acquisition, resources.

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Correspondence to Alejandra M. Yeves or Irene L. Ennis.

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Godoy Coto, J., Pereyra, E.V., Cavalli, F.A. et al. Exercise-induced cardiac mitochondrial reorganization and enhancement in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-024-02956-7

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