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TASK channels: channelopathies, trafficking, and receptor-mediated inhibition

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Abstract

TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ (TASK) channels contribute to the resting membrane potential in various kinds of cells, such as brain neurons, smooth muscle cells, and endocrine cells. Loss-of-function mutations at multiple sites in the KCNK3 gene encoding for TASK1 channels are one of the causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension in humans, whereas a mutation at only one site is reported for TASK3 channels, resulting in a syndrome of mental retardation, hypotonia, and facial dysmorphism. TASK channels are subject to regulation by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Two mechanisms have been proposed for the GPCR-mediated inhibition of TASK channels: a change in gating and channel endocytosis. The most feasible mechanism for altered gating is diacylglycerol binding to a site in the C-terminus, which is shared by TASK1 and TASK3. The inhibition of channel function by endocytosis requires the presence of a tyrosine residue subjected to phosphorylation by the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src and a dileucine motif in the C-terminus of TASK1. Therefore, homomeric TASK1 and heteromeric TASK1-TASK3 channels, but not homomeric TASK3, are internalized by GPCR stimulation. Tyrosine phosphorylation by Src is expected to result in a conformational change in the C-terminus, allowing for AP-2, an adaptor protein for clathrin, to bind to the dileucine motif. It is likely that a raft membrane domain is a platform where TASK1 is located and the signaling molecules protein kinase C, Pyk2, and Src are recruited in sequence in response to GPCR stimulation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell and Systems Physiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan

    Masumi Inoue, Hidetada Matsuoka, Keita Harada & Go Mugishima

  2. Department of Psychology, Fukuoka Prefectural University School of Human and Social Sciences, 4395 Ita, Tagawa, Fukuoka, 825-8585, Japan

    Go Mugishima

  3. Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan

    Masaki Kameyama

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  1. Masumi Inoue
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  2. Hidetada Matsuoka
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  4. Go Mugishima
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Correspondence to Masumi Inoue.

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This article is part of the special issue on Channelopathies: from mutation to diseases in Pflügers Archiv—European Journal of Physiology

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Inoue, M., Matsuoka, H., Harada, K. et al. TASK channels: channelopathies, trafficking, and receptor-mediated inhibition. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol 472, 911–922 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-020-02403-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-020-02403-3

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