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The diagnosis and management of Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction: a systematic review

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Abstract

Objectives

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) is a benign pathological syndrome. The clinical manifestations may be a consequence of an anatomical stenosis or sphincter dysmotility. Manometry is invasive and has an associated morbidity. Non-invasive investigations have been evaluated to ameliorate risk but have unknown efficacy. The review aims to critically appraise current evidence for the diagnosis and management of SOD.

Methods

A systematic review of articles containing relevant search terms was performed.

Results

Manometry is the current gold standard in selecting which patients are likely to benefit from endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES). It can, however, be misleading. Several non-invasive investigations were identified. These have poor sensitivities and specificities compared to manometry. There is a paucity of data examining the investigation’s specific ability to select patients for ES. Outcomes of ES for Type I SOD are favourable irrespective of manometry. Types II and III SOD may respond to an initial trial of medical therapy. Manometry may predict response to ES in Type II SOD, but not in Type III.

Conclusions

Non-invasive investigations currently lack sufficient sensitivities and specificities for routine use in diagnosing SOD. Type I SOD should be treated with ES without manometry. Manometry may be useful for Type II SOD. However, whilst data is lacking a therapeutic trial of BotoxTM or trial stenting may bean alternative. Careful and thorough patient counselling is essential. Type III SOD is associated with high complications from manometry and poor outcomes from ES. Alternative diagnoses should be thoroughly sought and its management should be medical.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK

    Thomas C. Hall, Ashley R. Dennison & Giuseppe Garcea

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  1. Thomas C. Hall
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  2. Ashley R. Dennison
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  3. Giuseppe Garcea
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Correspondence to Thomas C. Hall.

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Hall, T.C., Dennison, A.R. & Garcea, G. The diagnosis and management of Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction: a systematic review. Langenbecks Arch Surg 397, 889–898 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-012-0971-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-012-0971-3

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