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Preoperative short-term parenteral administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorates intestinal inflammation and postoperative ileus in rodents

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Abstract

Purpose

Abdominal surgery results in an inflammation of the intestinal muscularis externa (ME), subsequently leading to postoperative ileus (POI). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are known to modulate inflammation. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of preoperative parenteral administration of marine (n-3) or soybean (n-6) PUFA lipid emulsions (PUFA-LE) on POI and tissue fatty acid profiles.

Methods

Rodents underwent intestinal manipulation (IM) after 5 days of parenteral administration of 10-mL/kg body weight saline, (n-3), or (n-6) PUFA-LE. Sham animals received saline treatment without IM. In rats, postoperative inflammation was quantified by ME neutrophil levels and NO production in organ culture, and ME function was determined by an in vitro contractility measurement. Additionally, in vivo gastrointestinal transit (GIT) was analyzed in mice. Lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-6 expression of rat bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells and ME was analyzed. Fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography in rat blood, bone marrow cells, and ME.

Results

The (n-3) PUFA-LE reduced neutrophil levels and NO production after IM and improved in vitro jejunal contractility and GIT time. The (n-6) PUFA-LE significantly reduced postoperative inflammation and tended to improve intestinal motility (P < 0.06). Interestingly, (n-6) PUFA-LE significantly reduced the levels of arachidonic acid in ME (−63%), while (n-3) PUFA-LE reduced arachidonic acid (−20%) and additionally raised EPA (+550%).

Conclusion

Short-term preoperative parenteral administration of (n-3) or (n-6) PUFA-LE significantly alters tissue-specific fatty acid profiles. Preoperative parenteral PUFA-LE supplementation, preferably by marine (n-3) PUFA, ameliorates postoperative intestinal inflammation and dysmotility and could be a promising therapeutic option in POI prophylaxis.

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Abbreviations

BMC:

Bone marrow cells

BMDMC:

Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase II

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid

FA:

Fatty acids

GIT:

Gastrointestinal transit

IM:

Intestinal manipulation

KHB:

Krebs–Henseleit buffer

Lipo10-IM:

Lipovenös PLR 10% treated animals that underwent IM

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

ME:

Muscularis externa

MPO:

Myeloperoxidase

NaCl-IM:

0.9% saline treated animals that underwent IM

Omegaven-IM:

Omegaven-treated animals that underwent IM

POI:

Postoperative ileus

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

PUFA-LE:

PUFA-enriched lipid emulsions

Sham:

0.9% saline-treated animals

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by grants from the DFG (KA1270/3-3) and Fresenius Kabi (N-012.0081).

Conflicts of interest

None.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany

    Sven Wehner, Katharina Meder, Tim O. Vilz, Thomas Pech & Joerg C. Kalff

  2. Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    Birgit Alteheld & Peter Stehle

Authors
  1. Sven Wehner
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  2. Katharina Meder
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  4. Birgit Alteheld
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  7. Joerg C. Kalff
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joerg C. Kalff.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Online Resource 1

Compositions of Omegaven and Lipo10. (PDF 11.2 kb)

Online Resource 2

ME fatty acid contents of rats treated with NaCl, Omegaven or Lipo10 for 5d. (PDF 25.2 kb)

OnlineResource 3

BMC fatty acid contents of rats treated with NaCl, Omegaven or Lipo10 for 5d. (PDF 27.0 kb)

Online Resource 4

Erythrocytes fatty acid contents of rats treated with NaCl, Omegaven or Lipo10 for 5d. (PDF 24.5 kb)

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Wehner, S., Meder, K., Vilz, T.O. et al. Preoperative short-term parenteral administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorates intestinal inflammation and postoperative ileus in rodents. Langenbecks Arch Surg 397, 307–315 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-011-0862-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-011-0862-z

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