Mechanisms of underdeveloped sweating responses in prepubertal boys

Abstract

To approach the mechanisms underlying the underdeveloped sweating responses of prepubertal boys, 8 boys (7–11 years old) and 11 men (21–25 years old) were exposed to a standard heat stress for 60 min. The test consisted of placing the subjects' lower legs into a 42°C water bath while they sat in otherwise constant environmental conditions (ambient temperature 25°C and 45% relative humidity). Rectal (T _re) and skin temperatures, local sweating rates (m˙ _sw: on the chest, back, forearm and thigh) and the frequency of sweating expulsions ( f _sw: as an indicator of central sudomotor activity) were measured during the test. During the passive heating, no group differences were observed for the increase in T _re, mean skin temperature and metabolic heat production. However, mean body temperature (T¯ _b) during heating was significantly higher for the boys (P<0.001) because of a higher baseline T _re. The boys had lower m˙ _sw on the chest (P<0.004) and thigh (P<0.001) during the latter half of the 60-min exposure compared to the young men, although a similar m˙ _sw was observed between the groups during the first half of the test. The group difference of m˙ _sw on the back was similar to that of the chest and thigh, but the difference was not significant (P=0.10). In contrast, the boys had a greater m˙ _sw on the forearm throughout the heating (P<0.03). The slope of the m˙ _sw vs f _sw relationship was significantly lower for the chest and thigh in the boys compared to the men (P<0.05), and the same tendency was observed for the back (but was not significant, P=0.10). In contrast, no difference was observed between the groups for the slope of m˙ _sw vs f _sw for the forearm. Furthermore, a lower sweat output per gland was also observed on the chest, back, and thigh in the boys (P<0.01), but not on the forearm. No group difference was observed for the slope of the f _sw vs T¯ _b relationship. These results suggest that the lower m˙ _sw observed in the prepubertal boys were due possibly to underdeveloped peripheral mechanisms, including the sweat glands and their surrounding tissues, rather than to an underdeveloped central drive activity related to sudomotor function. Regional differences may well exist in any underdeveloped peripheral mechanism associated with maturation.