Abstract
Purpose
Exercise prescription based on a population-specific physiological response can help ensure safe and effective physical interventions. However, as a facile approach for exercise prescription in hemodialysis population that is based on their exercise capacity has not yet been established, the aim of our study was to develop a unique prediction formula for peak heart rate (HR) that can be used in this population.
Methods
This cross-sectional study measured physical function and HR at peak exercise and anaerobic threshold (AT) during cardiopulmonary exercise tests in 126 individuals. Participants were randomly assigned to the development group (n = 78), whose data were used to calculate the prediction equation, or the validation group (n = 48).
Results
The HR reserve in this population was significantly lower (0.44 ± 0.20%) and there was a large discrepancy between conventional age-predicted maximal HR and measured peak-HR values (R = 0.36). The average of the ratio between HR at AT point and peak HR was 85% (95% CI, 83.5%–86.4%). The peak-HR prediction equation was based on resting HR, presence of diabetes, physical dysfunction (gait speed < 1.0 m/s), and hypoalbuminemia (< 3.5 g/dL). It showed high prediction accuracy (R2 [95%CI] = 0.71 [0.70–0.71]) with similar correlation coefficients between the development and validation groups (R = 0.82).
Conclusion
Aerobic exercise based on estimated peak HR < 85% obtained from the equation in this study may enable safe and effective physical intervention in this population.
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Abbreviations
- AT:
-
Anaerobic threshold
- HR:
-
Heart rate
- CPET:
-
Cardiopulmonary exercise test
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Kisen Hospital. The authors wish to express heartfelt appreciation to the personnel and patients at the institutions participating in this survey.
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HO, NU, AT, and AU. contributed to the study conception and design. AU, AI, HH, SK., and NU. collected data. SA, MS, SO, and N.U. analyzed and interpreted data. OH. and NU. drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to critically reviewed the manuscript and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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This study was approved by the Ethics Review Board at Kisen Hospital. (Approval number: 2021–11–001).
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Communicated by Massimo Pagani.
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Oyanagi, H., Usui, N., Tsubaki, A. et al. An equation to predict peak heart rate for prescribing exercise intensity in middle-aged to older patients requiring hemodialysis. Eur J Appl Physiol 122, 2233–2241 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-022-05002-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-022-05002-5