Abstract
Purpose
Change in cardiac output (Q) contributes to cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation at rest and even during steady-state exercise. At the onset of cycling exercise, Q increases acutely and largely via muscle pump. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether onset exercise-induced a large increase in Q contributes to CBF regulation at the onset of exercise.
Methods
In 20 young healthy participants (10 males and 10 females), Q, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and mean blood velocities of middle and posterior cerebral arteries (MCA Vm and PCA Vm) were continuously measured during light cycling exercise for 3 min.
Results
At the onset of exercise, Q increased acutely to the peak (P < 0.001), while the CBF peak responses were not significantly higher than the values during the steady-state exercise (MCA Vm and PCA Vm; P = 0.183 and P = 0.101, respectively). The change in Q was correlated with that of MCA Vm or PCA Vm from resting baseline to the steady-state exercise (r = 0.404, P < 0.001 and r = 0.393, P < 0.001, respectively). However, the change in Q was not correlated with that of MCA Vm or PCA Vm at the onset of exercise (P = 0.853 and P = 0.893, respectively). Any sex differences in the onset response of peripheral and cerebral hemodynamics to exercise were not observed.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that the acute change in Q does not contribute to CBF regulation at the onset of exercise for protecting cerebral vasculature against a large and acute elevation in Q at the onset of exercise.
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Availability of data and material
The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- CBF:
-
Cerebral blood flow
- CVCi:
-
Cerebrovascular conductance index
- EtCO2 :
-
End-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide
- HR:
-
Heart rate
- MAP:
-
Mean arterial pressure
- MCA Vm:
-
Middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity
- PCA Vm:
-
Posterior cerebral artery mean blood velocity
- Q:
-
Cardiac output
- SV:
-
Stroke volume
- SVR:
-
Systemic vascular resistance
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Acknowledgements
We appreciate the commitment of all participants of this study and their staffs. The authors declare that the results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation.
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The current work was supported by the Ishimoto Memorial Descente Sports Science Promotion Foundation.
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SO and KK: conception and design of research; SO, SS, and HW: performed experiments; SO and SS: analyzed data; SO: interpreted results of experiments; SO: prepared figures; SO: drafted the manuscript; all authors edited and revised manuscript; all authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
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All testing procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board at Toyo University (Approval Number: TU2019-040).
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Communicated by Guido Ferretti.
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Saito, S., Washio, T., Watanabe, H. et al. Influence of cardiac output response to the onset of exercise on cerebral blood flow. Eur J Appl Physiol 122, 1939–1948 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-022-04973-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-022-04973-9