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Influence of aerobic fitness on gastrointestinal barrier integrity and microbial translocation following a fixed-intensity military exertional heat stress test

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Abstract

Purpose

Exertional-heat stress adversely disrupts gastrointestinal (GI) barrier integrity, whereby subsequent microbial translocation (MT) can result in potentially serious health consequences. To date, the influence of aerobic fitness on GI barrier integrity and MT following exertional-heat stress is poorly characterised.

Method

Ten untrained (UT; VO2max = 45 ± 3 ml·kg−1·min−1) and ten highly trained (HT; VO2max = 64 ± 4 ml·kg−1·min−1) males completed an ecologically valid (military) 80-min fixed-intensity exertional-heat stress test (EHST). Venous blood was drawn immediately pre- and post-EHST. GI barrier integrity was assessed using the serum dual-sugar absorption test (DSAT) and plasma Intestinal Fatty-Acid Binding Protein (I-FABP). MT was assessed using plasma Bacteroides/total 16S DNA.

Results

UT experienced greater thermoregulatory, cardiovascular and perceptual strain (p < 0.05) than HT during the EHST. Serum DSAT responses were similar between the two groups (p = 0.59), although Δ I-FABP was greater (p = 0.04) in the UT (1.14 ± 1.36 ng·ml−1) versus HT (0.20 ± 0.29 ng·ml−1) group. Bacteroides/Total 16S DNA ratio was unchanged (Δ; -0.04 ± 0.18) following the EHST in the HT group, but increased (Δ; 0.19 ± 0.25) in the UT group (p = 0.05). Weekly aerobic training hours had a weak, negative correlation with Δ I-FABP and Bacteroides/total 16S DNA responses.

Conclusion

When exercising at the same absolute workload, UT individuals are more susceptible to small intestinal epithelial injury and MT than HT individuals. These responses appear partially attributable to greater thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and perceptual strain.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

CV:

Coefficient of variation

DSAT:

Dual sugar absorption test

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

EHS:

Exertional heat stroke

EHST:

Exertional heat stress test

ELISA:

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

GI:

Gastrointestinal

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

HR:

Heart rate

HT:

Highly trained

I-FABP:

Intestinal fatty-acid binding protein

I-HSP:

Intracellular heat shock protein

ISAK:

International Society for the Advancement of Anthropometric Kinanthropometry

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

L/R:

Lactulose-to-rhamnose

MT:

Microbial translocation

qPCR:

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction

RH:

Relative humidity

RPE:

Rate of perceived exertion

SD:

Standard deviation

SEM:

Sensor electronics module

T core :

Core body temperature

T body :

Mean body temperature

T skin :

Mean skin temperature

TS:

Thermal sensation

UT:

Untrained

\(\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\max }\) :

Maximal oxygen uptake

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Sport, Health and Wellbeing, Plymouth MARJON University, Derriford Rd, Plymouth, PL6 8BH, UK

    Henry B. Ogden, Alison Millyard, Caroline S. Westwood & Joseph D. Layden

  2. Institute of Naval Medicine, Alverstoke, UK

    Joanne L. Fallowfield & Simon K. Delves

  3. School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

    Robert B. Child

  4. Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, UK

    Glen Davison

  5. Royal Cornwall NHS Trust, Truro, UK

    Simon C. Fleming

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  1. Henry B. Ogden
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Contributions

Made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the work: HO, JF, RC, GD, SF, SD, AM, CW, JL. Drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content: HO, JF, RC, GD, SD, JL. Approved the version to be published: HO, JF, RC, GD, SF, SD, AM, CW, JL. Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved: HO, JF, RC, GD, SF, SD, AM, CW, JL.

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Ogden, H.B., Fallowfield, J.L., Child, R.B. et al. Influence of aerobic fitness on gastrointestinal barrier integrity and microbial translocation following a fixed-intensity military exertional heat stress test. Eur J Appl Physiol 120, 2325–2337 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04455-w

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