Abstract
Purpose
This study investigated the effects of repeated-sprint (RS) training in hypoxia induced by voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume (RSH-VHL) on physiological adaptations, RS ability (RSA) and anaerobic performance.
Methods
Over a 3-week period, eighteen well-trained cyclists completed six RS sessions in cycling either with RSH-VHL or with normal conditions (RSN). Before (Pre) and after (Post) the training period, the subjects performed an RSA test (10 × 6-s all-out cycling sprints) during which oxygen uptake \(\left( {{\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{2} } \right)\) and the change in both muscle deoxyhaemoglobin (Δ[HHb]) and total haemoglobin (Δ[THb]) were measured. A 30-s Wingate test was also performed and maximal blood lactate concentration ([La]max) was assessed.
Results
At Post compared to Pre, the mean power output during both the RSA and the Wingate tests was improved in RSH-VHL (846 ± 98 vs 911 ± 117 W and 723 ± 112 vs 768 ± 123 W, p < 0.05) but not in RSN (834 ± 52 vs 852 ± 69 W, p = 0.2; 710 ± 63 vs 713 ± 72 W, p = 0.68). The average \({\dot{{\text{V}}}{{\text{O}}}}_{2}\) recorded during the RSA test was significantly higher in RSH-VHL at Post but did not change in RSN. No change occurred for Δ[THb] whereas Δ[HHb] increased to the same extent in both groups. [Lamax] after the Wingate test was higher in RSH-VHL at Post (13.9 ± 2.8 vs 16.1 ± 3.2 mmol L−1, p < 0.01) and tended to decrease in RSN (p = 0.1).
Conclusions
This study showed that RSH-VHL could bring benefits to both RSA and anaerobic performance through increases in oxygen delivery and glycolytic contribution. On the other hand, no additional effect was observed for the indices of muscle blood volume and O2 extraction.
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Abbreviations
- [HHb]:
-
Muscle concentrations of deoxyhaemoglobin
- [La]:
-
Blood lactate concentration
- \([{\rm La}]_{\max}\) :
-
Maximal blood lactate concentration
- \(\left[ {{\text{O}}_{{ 2 {}}} {\text{Hb}}} \right]\) :
-
Muscle concentrations of oxyhaemoglobin
- [THb]:
-
Total haemoglobin
- HR:
-
Heart rate
- MPO:
-
Mean power output
- NIRS:
-
Near-infrared spectroscopy
- \({\text{O}}_{{ 2 {}}}\) :
-
Oxygen
- PPO:
-
Peak power output
- Reoxy[HHb]:
-
Amplitude variation between the peak and nadir [HHb]
- Reoxy[THb]:
-
Amplitude variation between the peak and nadir [THb]
- RPE:
-
Rating of perceived exertion
- RSA:
-
Repeated sprint ability
- RSE:
-
Repeated-sprint exercise
- RSH:
-
Repeated sprints in hypoxia
- RSH-VHL:
-
Repeated sprints in hypoxia induced by voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume
- RSN:
-
Repeated sprints in normoxia
- \({\text{SpO}}_{{ 2 {}}}\) :
-
Arterial oxygen saturation
- VHL:
-
Voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume
- \({\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{2}\) :
-
Oxygen uptake
- \({\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{2} /{\text{HR}}\) :
-
Oxygen pulse
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Acknowledgements
We sincerely thank all the subjects who participated in this study for their efforts, time and dedication. We are also grateful to Adrien Combes for his assistance.
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XW and PM conceived and designed research and conducted the experiments. XW, GM and PM analysed data and interpreted the results of the experiments. XW wrote the manuscript. All authors edited, revised and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Woorons, X., Millet, G.P. & Mucci, P. Physiological adaptations to repeated sprint training in hypoxia induced by voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume. Eur J Appl Physiol 119, 1959–1970 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04184-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04184-9