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Temporal dissociation between muscle and pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics: influences of perfusion dynamics and arteriovenous oxygen concentration differences in muscles and lungs

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Abstract

Purpose

The aim of the study was to test whether or not the arteriovenous oxygen concentration difference (avDO2) kinetics at the pulmonary (avDO2pulm) and muscle (avDO2musc) levels is significantly different during dynamic exercise.

Methods

A re-analysis involving six publications dealing with kinetic analysis was utilized with an overall sample size of 69 participants. All studies comprised an identical pseudorandom binary sequence work rate (WR) protocol—WR changes between 30 and 80 W—to analyze the kinetic responses of pulmonary (\(\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{pulm}}\)) and muscle (\(\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{musc}}\)) oxygen uptake kinetics as well as those of avDO2pulm and avDO2musc.

Results

A significant difference between \(\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{musc}}\) (0.395 ± 0.079) and \(\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{pulm}}\) kinetics (0.330 ± 0.078) was observed (p < 0.001), where the variables showed a significant relationship (rSP = 0.744, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between avDO2musc (0.446 ± 0.077) and avDO2pulm kinetics (0.451 ± 0.075), which are highly correlated (r = 0.929, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

It is suggested that neither avDO2pulm nor avDO2musc kinetic responses seem to be responsible for the differences between estimated \(\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{musc}}\) and measured \(\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{pulm}}\) kinetics. Obviously, the conflation of avDO2 and perfusion (\({\dot {Q}}\) ) at different points in time and at different physiological levels drive potential differences in \(\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{pulm}}\) and \(\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{musc}}\) kinetics. Therefore, \({\dot {Q}}\) should, in general, be considered whenever oxygen uptake kinetics are analyzed or discussed.

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Abbreviations

ACF [a.u.]:

Auto-correlation function

avDO2 [L L−1]:

Arteriovenous oxygen concentration difference

avDO2musc [L L−1]:

avDO2 at exercising musculature

avDO2pulm [L L−1]:

avDO2 at pulmonary level

CCF:

Cross-correlation function

CCFlag [s]:

Lag (x-axis value) of CCFmin or CCFmax

CCFmax [a.u.]:

Maximum of cross-correlation function

CCFmin [a.u.]:

Minimum of cross-correlation function

ΔLagCCFmax(avDO2) [s]:

Difference between CCFlag of CCFmax between avDO2pulm and avDO2musc

ΔLagCCFmax(\(\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_2}\)) [s]:

Difference between CCFlag of CCFmax between \(\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{pulm}}\) and \(\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{musc}}\)

HR [min−1]:

Heart rate

LagCCFmin(tVT) [s]:

Lag value of CCFmin of tVT

ND:

Normal distribution

[PCr]:

Intramuscular phosphocreatine concentration

PRBS:

Pseudorandom binary sequence

PRBS approach:

Model implying pseudorandom binary sequence work rate changes combined with time-series analysis

\({\dot {Q}}\) [L min−1]:

Perfusion (cardiac output)

\({\dot {Q}_{{\text{rem}}}}\) [mL min−1]:

Perfusion of non-exercising tissues

r [a.u.]:

Pearson’s correlation coefficient

r SP [a.u.]:

Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient

STEP:

Model implying repeated step responses in work rate combined with exponential data-fitting procedures

SVex [ml]:

Exercise stroke volume

τ [s]:

Time constant of mono-exponential function

t VT [s]:

Venous transit time

\({\bar{t}}_{\text{VT}}\) [s]:

Mean value of tVT during the PRBS phases (600 s)

TD [s]:

Time delay of mono-exponential function

\(\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_2}$$\) [L min−1]:

Oxygen uptake

\(\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{musc}}\) [L min−1]:

Exercising muscle oxygen uptake

\(\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{pulm}}\) [L min−1]:

Pulmonary oxygen uptake

\(\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{rem}}\) [L min−1]:

Oxygen uptake in non-exercising tissues

V v [mL]:

Venous blood volume

WR [W]:

Work rate

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Physiology and Anatomy, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany

    U. Drescher, J. Koschate, L. Thieschäfer & U. Hoffmann

  2. Bundeswehr Institute for Preventive Medicine, Aktienstraße 87, 56626, Andernach, Germany

    U. Drescher

  3. Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany

    S. Schneider

  4. Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia

    S. Schneider

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  1. U. Drescher
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  2. J. Koschate
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  3. L. Thieschäfer
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  4. S. Schneider
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  5. U. Hoffmann
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Contributions

UH, SS, and UD contributed conception and design of the study. UD wrote the manuscript. JK, LT, and UD analyzed the data. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read, and approved the submitted version.

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Correspondence to U. Drescher.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Communicated by Guido Ferretti.

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Drescher, U., Koschate, J., Thieschäfer, L. et al. Temporal dissociation between muscle and pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics: influences of perfusion dynamics and arteriovenous oxygen concentration differences in muscles and lungs. Eur J Appl Physiol 118, 1845–1856 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3916-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3916-x

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