Training and acute exercise modulates mitochondrial dynamics in football players’ blood mononuclear cells

Busquets-Cortés, Carla; Capó, Xavier; Martorell, Miquel; Tur, Josep A.; Sureda, Antoni; Pons, Antoni

doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3684-z

Original Article
Published: 26 July 2017

Training and acute exercise modulates mitochondrial dynamics in football players’ blood mononuclear cells

Carla Busquets-Cortés¹,
Xavier Capó¹,
Miquel Martorell²,
Josep A. Tur^1,3,
Antoni Sureda^1,3 &
Antoni Pons^1,3

European Journal of Applied Physiology volume 117, pages 1977–1987 (2017)Cite this article

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Abstract

Purpose

Regular physical activity induces oxidative stress but also causes adaptations in antioxidant defences including the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway, which activates target genes related to antioxidant defences such as uncoupling proteins (UCPs), and mitochondrial biogenesis mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α). The aim of the study was to determine the effect of long-term training and acute exercise on oxidant/antioxidant status and the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Methods

Twelve professional football players performed an 8-week exercise programme comprising a daily 2-h football training session. Blood samples were taken before and after the training season.

Results

The results reported a significant increase in antioxidant protein levels and in mitochondrial proteins in resting conditions after the 8-week training period. PGC1α, UCP-2 and mitofusin 2 protein levels also increased after acute exercise compared to pre-exercise levels. After the training, the expression of PGC1α, cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 messenger RNA (mRNA) significantly augmented after the acute physical activity compared to pre-exercise levels; while no changes occurred in these mRNA in basal conditions. NF-κB activation and ROS production reported a significant increase after acute exercise.

Conclusions

Training increases the levels of proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis and improves the antioxidant capabilities of mitochondria in PBMCs among well-trained football players. Acute exercise may act as an inducer of mitochondrial biogenesis through NF-κB activation and PGC1α gene expression.

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Abbreviations

18S:: Ribosomal 18S
ANOVA:: Analysis of variance
BMI:: Body mass index
CAT:: Catalase
cDNA:: Complementary DNA
COX-IV:: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV
CuZn-SOD:: Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase
DCF:: Dichlorofluorescein
DCFH-DA:: 2,7-Dichlorofluorescin-diacetate
DNA:: Desoxy-ribonucleic acid
DRP-1:: Dynamin-related protein 1
ELISA:: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
FIS-1:: Fission Protein 1
HR_max :: Maximum heart rate
GPx:: Glutathione peroxidase
GTPase:: Guanosine triphosphate hydrolase
H₂O₂ :: Oxygen peroxide
HIIT:: High-intensity interval training session
PBMC:: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell
MAPK:: Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MAS:: Maximal aerobic speed (=vVO_2max)
MitND5:: Mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5
Mn-SOD:: Mn superoxide dismutase
mRNA:: Messenger RNA
Mtf-1:: Mitofusin-1
Mtf-2:: Mitofusin-2
NRF-1:: Nuclear respiratory factor 1
OPA-1:: Optic atrophy protein 1
PGC-1α:: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator
PMA:: Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
RIPA:: Radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer
RNA:: Ribonucleic acid
SEM:: Standard error of the mean
SDS:: Sodium dodecylsulfate
ROS:: Reactive oxygen species
Tfam:: Mitochondrial transcription factor A
UCP-2:: Uncoupling protein 3
UCP-3:: Uncoupling protein 3
VO_2max :: Maximal oxygen consumption
vVO_2max :: Velocity at maximal oxygen uptake (=MAS)
WHR:: Waist–hip ratio

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Acknowledgements

Acción Estratégica en Salud del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación DPS2008-07033-C03-03, Programme of Promotion of Biomedical Research and Health Sciences (Projects PI11/01791 and PI14/00636, Red Predimed-RETIC RD06/0045/1004, CIBEROBN CB12/03/30038) and Balearic Island Government and FEDER funds (35/2011 and 23/2012). The authors hereby acknowledge the Ph.D. grant provided by the University of the Balearic Island and the FPI/1648/2014 grant provided by Conselleria d’Educació, Cultura i Universitats, Direcció General d’Universitats i Recerca, Govern de les Illes Balears.

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Affiliations

Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
Carla Busquets-Cortés, Xavier Capó, Josep A. Tur, Antoni Sureda & Antoni Pons
Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Chile, 4070386, Concepción, Chile
Miquel Martorell
CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma De Mallorca, Spain
Josep A. Tur, Antoni Sureda & Antoni Pons

Authors

Carla Busquets-Cortés
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Xavier Capó
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Miquel Martorell
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Josep A. Tur
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Antoni Sureda
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Antoni Pons
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Correspondence to Antoni Pons.

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Busquets-Cortés, C., Capó, X., Martorell, M. et al. Training and acute exercise modulates mitochondrial dynamics in football players’ blood mononuclear cells. Eur J Appl Physiol 117, 1977–1987 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3684-z

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Received: 22 December 2016
Accepted: 10 July 2017
Published: 26 July 2017
Issue Date: October 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3684-z

Keywords

Biogenesis
Fission
Fusion
Mitochondria
PBMCs
Training