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Carbohydrate supplementation stabilises plasma sodium during training with high intensity

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Abstract

Background

Investigations of the effect of beverages containing carbohydrates, only, on the sodium and fluid balance during intermittent exercise of high intensity are rare. Therefore, we compared the effects of water and carbohydrate supplementation on plasma, blood volume, and electrolyte shifts during intermittent exercise.

Methods

Ten male subjects performed an intermittent exercise test twice. In one trial, tap water (4 ml/kg/15 min) was consumed (Plac trial). In the other trial, the same amount of water supplemented with maltodextrin to achieve a 9.1 % carbohydrate solution (CHO trial) was ingested. Training schedule: warm-up at 50 % for 15 min. Afterwards, power changed between 100 % of the maximum power from a previous incremental test minus 10 and 10 W for each 30 s. Venous blood was sampled to measure electrolytes, osmolality, [protein], hct, [Lactate], [glucose], [Hb] and catecholamines. Hydration status was evaluated by BIA before and after exercise.

Results

After beverage ingestion [glucose] was significantly higher in CHO until the end of the trial. Starting with similar resting values, osmolality increased significantly more during CHO (p = 0.002). PV decreased by 5 % under both conditions, but recovered partly during exercise under Plac (p = 0.002). [Na+] and [Cl−] decreased with Plac during exercise (both p < 0.001) but remained constant during exercise with CHO.

Conclusions

Sole carbohydrate supplementation seems to stabilise plasma [Na+]. This cannot be explained simply by a cotransport of glucose and [Na+], because that should lead to a recovery of the blood and plasma volume under CHO. In contrast, this was found during exercise with Plac.

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Abbreviations

[…]cap :

Capillary concentration of…

[…]v :

Venous concentration of…

A:

Adrenaline

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

BIA:

Bio impedance analysis

BV:

Blood volume

CET:

Continuous endurance training

CHO:

Carbohydrate

ECW:

Extracellular water

HIHVT:

High-intensity high-volume training

HIIT:

High-intensity interval training

HIT:

High-intensity training

ICW:

Intracellular water

Kg/bw:

Kilogram/body weight

Min:

Minute

NA:

Noradrenaline

Plac:

Placebo = water

PV:

Plasma volume

TBW:

Total body water

VE:

Ventilation

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Acknowledgments

We thank Hannelore Konrad for her invaluable technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany

    M. Schrader, B. Treff, T. Sandholtet, N. Maassen, V. Shushakov & M. Maassen

  2. Data Input, Lindenberg 7, 82343, Pöcking, Germany

    J. Kaesebieter

  3. Institute of Sports Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Am Moritzwinkel 6, 30167, Hannover, Germany

    N. Maassen, V. Shushakov & M. Maassen

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  1. M. Schrader
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  2. B. Treff
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  3. T. Sandholtet
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  4. N. Maassen
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  5. V. Shushakov
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  6. J. Kaesebieter
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  7. M. Maassen
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Correspondence to M. Schrader.

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The authors report that there were no conflicts of interest during this study.

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Communicated by Michael Lindinger.

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Schrader, M., Treff, B., Sandholtet, T. et al. Carbohydrate supplementation stabilises plasma sodium during training with high intensity. Eur J Appl Physiol 116, 1841–1853 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3429-4

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