Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare activation of cellular signaling pathways regulating protein synthesis and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle between resistance and endurance exercise. Moreover, the effect of resistance exercise volume was examined.
Methods
Three groups of male volunteers (26 ± 3 years) were examined: 5 × 10 repetition maximum (RM) resistance exercise (RE) with leg press device (5 × 10 RE; n = 8), 10 × 10 RE (n = 11), and endurance exercise (strenuous 50-min walking with extra load on a treadmill; EE; n = 8). Muscle biopsies were obtained from m.vastus lateralis 30 min pre- and post-exercise.
Results
Downstream markers of mTORC1, p-p70S6KThr421/Ser424 and p-rpS6Ser240/244, increased more after 10 × 10 RE than after 5 × 10 RE (p < 0.05) and EE (p < 0.01–0.001). Exercise-induced changes in p-IRS-ISer636/639 that inhibit IRS-I signaling via negative feedback from hyperactivated mTORC1 signaling were greater (p < 0.05) after 10 × 10 RE compared with 5 × 10 RE and EE. The changes in energy sensor p-AMPKαThr172 were greater after 10 × 10 RE and EE (p < 0.05–0.01) than after 5 × 10 RE. A major regulator of glucose uptake in muscle, p-AS160Thr642, increased more after 10 × 10 RE than after 5 × 10 RE (p < 0.01) and EE (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
10 × 10 RE induced greater activation of important signaling proteins regulating glucose uptake (p-AS160) and protein synthesis (p-p70S6K, p-rpS6) than 5 × 10 RE and EE. The present findings further suggest that, especially after 10 × 10 RE, IRS-I signaling is downregulated and that AS160 is activated through AMPK signaling pathway.
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Abbreviations
- Akt:
-
AKT8 virus oncogene cellular homolog
- AMPK:
-
AMP-activated protein kinase
- AS160:
-
Akt substrate of 160 kDa
- CaMKII:
-
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
- EE:
-
Endurance exercise
- eEF:
-
Eukaryotic elongation factor
- Erk:
-
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- GLUT4:
-
Glucose transporter type 4
- HR:
-
Heart rate
- IRS-1:
-
Insulin receptor substrate 1
- LKB1:
-
Liver kinase B1
- MAPK:
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- mTORC1:
-
Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1
- p70S6K:
-
p70 ribosomal S6 kinase
- PI3K:
-
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- RE:
-
Resistance exercise
- RM:
-
Repetition maximum
- rpS6:
-
Ribosomal protein S6
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Ms. Sheila Gagnon, MSc. Opri Jokelainen, Dr. Ritva Taipale, Mr. Risto Puurtinen, and Mrs. Aila Ollikainen for their work in data collection and analyses. This work was supported by a grant from the Scientific Advisory Board for Defence and David Sports Ltd.
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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
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Communicated by Martin Flueck.
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Ahtiainen, J.P., Walker, S., Silvennoinen, M. et al. Exercise type and volume alter signaling pathways regulating skeletal muscle glucose uptake and protein synthesis. Eur J Appl Physiol 115, 1835–1845 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-015-3155-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-015-3155-3