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Effects of graded exercise-induced dehydration and rehydration on circulatory markers of oxidative stress across the resting and exercising human leg

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Abstract

Exercise in the heat enhances oxidative stress markers in the human circulation, but the contribution of active skeletal muscle and the influence of hydration status remain unknown. To address this question, we measured leg exchange of glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and isoprostanes in seven males at rest and during submaximal one-legged knee extensor exercise in the following four conditions: (1) control euhydration (0% reduction in body mass), (2) mild-dehydration (2%), (3) moderate-dehydration (3.5%), (4) rehydration (0%). In all resting and control exercise conditions, a net GSH uptake was observed across the leg. In contrast, a significant leg release of GSH into the circulation (−354 ± 221 μmol/min, P < 0.05) was observed during exercise with moderate-dehydration, which was still present following full rehydration (−206 ± 122 μmol/min, P < 0.05). During exercise, mild and moderate-dehydration decreased both femoral venous erythrocyte SOD activity (195 ± 6 vs. 180 ± 5 U/L, P < 0.05) and plasma isoprostanes (30 ± 1.1 vs. 25.9 ± 1.3 pg/L, P < 0.05), but during rehydration these were not different from control. In conclusion, these findings suggest that active skeletal muscles release GSH into the circulation under moderate dehydration and subsequent rehydration, possibly to enhance the antioxidant defense.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank to Dr David Low and Dr Eric Stöhr for their technical support. Orlando Laitano was supported by a scholarship from CAPES (Brazilian Education Ministry-BEX 0323/08-0). The study was supported by a grant from the Brazilian Science and Technology Ministry (Edital MCT/CNPq 14/2008-Universal-473557/2008-8) and partially supported by the Gatorade Sports Science Institute.

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Author notes

  1. Orlando Laitano

    Present address: Colegiado de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco-UNIVASF, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba S/N-Centro, Petrolina PE, CEP: 56304-917, Brazil

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK

    Orlando Laitano, Kameljit Kaur Kalsi, James Pearson & José González-Alonso

  2. Exercise Research Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Physical Education, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Orlando Laitano & Alvaro Reischak-Oliveira

  3. Department of Anaesthetics, Ealing Hospital, NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, UK

    Makra Lotlikar

Authors
  1. Orlando Laitano
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  2. Kameljit Kaur Kalsi
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  3. James Pearson
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  4. Makra Lotlikar
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  5. Alvaro Reischak-Oliveira
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  6. José González-Alonso
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Correspondence to José González-Alonso.

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Communicated by Susan A. Ward.

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Laitano, O., Kalsi, K.K., Pearson, J. et al. Effects of graded exercise-induced dehydration and rehydration on circulatory markers of oxidative stress across the resting and exercising human leg. Eur J Appl Physiol 112, 1937–1944 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2170-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2170-2

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