Abstract
Purpose
Humans are daily exposed to many environmental pollutants, some of which being suspected to be thyroid disruptors. Some populations could be particularly susceptible to thyroid disruption, such like diabetics due to the well-known relation between the thyroid function and the control of carbohydrate homeostasis by pancreas. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the associations between the exposure to several persistent and non-persistent chemicals and thyroid hormones levels in children with type 1 diabetes.
Methods
Blood and urine sample were collected from 54 children diagnosed for type 1 diabetes mellitus. The concentrations of 7 phthalate metabolites, 4 parabens, 7 bisphenols, benzophenone 3 and triclosan were measured in urine, while 15 organochlorine pesticides, 4 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 7 perfluoroalkyl substances were analyzed in serum samples. In the same time, the blood levels of free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac) were determined.
Results
We highlighted positive associations between serum perfluorohexane sulfonate and urinary monoethylphthalate levels, and TSH level in blood. We also found that PCB 138 was positively associated to fT4 while urinary levels of bisphenol F were negatively correlated to this hormone. Finally, we observed positive associations between Hb1Ac levels and the contamination by PCB 153 and two urinary phthalate metabolites: mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxoxyhexyl phthalate.
Conclusion
Our results showed that our small cohort of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus is potentially susceptible to thyroid disruptions by some pollutants. Moreover, for these children, both di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites would potentially hamper the glucose homeostasis. Nevertheless, additional studies are mandatory to further explore these findings.
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Data availability
Data will be made available on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- fT4:
-
Free thyroxine
- BP:
-
Bisphenol
- TT4:
-
Total thyroxine
- 4,4’-DDE:
-
4,4’-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene
- PFNA:
-
Perfluorononanoic acid
- PFAS:
-
Perfluoroalkyl substance
- TSH:
-
Thyroid stimulating hormone
- T3:
-
Triiodothyronine
- PCB:
-
Polychlorobiphenyls
- anti-TPO:
-
Anti-thyroid peroxidase
- anti-Tg:
-
Anti-thyroglobulin
- HbA1c:
-
Glycated hemoglobin
- HCH:
-
Hexachlorohexane
- HCB:
-
Hexachlorobenzene
- SPE:
-
Solid phase extraction
- GC:
-
Gas chromatography
- MS:
-
Mass spectrometer
- PFHxS:
-
Perfluorohexane sulfonate
- PFOS:
-
Perfluorooctane sulfonate
- PFHpA:
-
Perfluoroheptanoic acid
- PFOA:
-
Perfluorooctanoic acid
- PFDA:
-
Perfluorodecanoic acid
- PFUdA:
-
Perfluoroundecanoic acid
- MEP:
-
Monoethyl phthalate
- MiBP:
-
Mono-iso-butyl phthalate
- MnBP:
-
Mono-n-butyl phthalate
- MBzP:
-
Monobenzyl phthalate
- MEHP:
-
Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate
- 5-OH-MEHP:
-
Mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate
- 5-oxo-MEHP:
-
Mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate
- MeP:
-
Methylparaben
- EP:
-
Ethylparaben
- PrP:
-
N-propylparaben
- BP:
-
N-butylparaben
- BP3:
-
Benzophenone-3
- MRM:
-
Multiple reaction monitoring
- ECLIA:
-
Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay
- DF:
-
Detection frequency
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PD wrote the main manuscript text and performed statistical analysis. PD, CP and CC assayed the biological samples of the patients. MCL performed the recruitment and the clinical examination of the patients. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Dufour, P., Pirard, C., Lebrethon, MC. et al. Associations between endocrine disruptor contamination and thyroid hormone homeostasis in Belgian type 1 diabetic children. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 96, 869–881 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-023-01974-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-023-01974-9