Abstract
Objective
Assess cadmium (Cd) exposure of adults living in two estuarine communities in Aratu bay, Bahia, Brazil and its association with effects on renal function.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 88 volunteers aged 17–55 years, living in the following two communities: Santa Luzia (SL) located more intimately in the bay and Cotegipe (CT), a bit further and closer to a ferro-manganese alloy plant. Cd in blood (CdB) and urine (CdU), along with blood lead (PbB) levels were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Renal function was evaluated by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and tubular cell biomarkers: retinol binding protein (RBP), β2-microglobulin (β2M), and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG).
Results
The median CdU levels in villagers of the two communities were 0.20 and 0.44 µg/g creat. and SL vs CT, respectively. Age range (> 35 years), cigarette smoking and lower family income were significantly associated with more elevated CdU levels. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between LnCdU and LnRBP levels (β = 0.200, 95%CI 0.074–0.365) after adjusted for sex, urinary creatinine and blood lead levels.
Conclusion
These data show consistent evidences of association between Cd exposure and elevated tubular cell biomarker excretion in estuarine villagers living close to an industrial site.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the inhabitants of Santa Luzia and Cotegipe village for their patient collaboration as volunteers or supporters (teachers and community leaders) with this investigation
Funding
This investigation was partially funded by research grant numbers PROPCI-PROPG 02/2011, UFBA and PP047/2011 from Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia, Brazil (FAPESB).
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Conceptualization, JAM-F; methodology, JAM-F, GSV and LSN; validation JAM-F and LSN; formal analysis, VOM; investigation, LSN and NRdS; resources, JAM-F; data curation, JAM-F; writing—original draft preparation, VOM; writing—review and editing, JAM-F, NRdS and GSV; visualization, JAM-F; supervision JAM-F; project administration, JAM-F; funding acquisition, JAM-F.
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The project, entitled ‘Exposure to heavy metals and its effects on human health in a vulnerable population’ was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Climério de Oliveira Hospital of the Federal University of Bahia, Report Number 054/2011.
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Martinez, V.O., Nunes, L.S., Viana, G.S. et al. Biomarkers of cadmium exposure and renal function in estuarine adult villagers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 95, 981–992 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01815-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01815-7