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Does salivary cortisol secretion mediate the association of work-related stressors with workers' depression?

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to verify the mediating role salivary cortisol intensity plays between work organization conditions and depression. This study simultaneously considered psychological and physiological (salivary cortisol) stress indicators on workers’ depression in a single model.

Methods

We relied on cluster sampling of 341 workers in 34 Quebec establishments. Five saliva samples (on awakening, 30 min after awakening, at 2:00 p.m., 4:00 p.m., and bedtime) were collected per day. The weekly collection period spanned a period of 3 days (1 day off and 2 work days). We evaluated the main effects of work organization conditions on salivary cortisol intensity and depression, as well as the mediation effect of salivary cortisol intensity between work organization conditions and depression. To adjust for design effects, the direct and indirect (mediation) associations between the variables were evaluated while accounting for the non-independence of the data.

Results

Skill utilization and job insecurity were associated with salivary cortisol intensity, while psychological demands and job insecurity were associated with higher depression levels. Work-related variables were not found to have an indirect effect on depression via worker’s salivary cortisol (AUC) intensity.

Conclusion

Work-related stressors examined in this study did not indirectly affect worker’s depression levels. Additional studies are necessary to be able to identify all work-related stressors that could potentially increase worker’s depression levels through salivary cortisol.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Canadian Health Research Institutes and the Fonds de la recherche en santé du Québec. The authors thank Standard Life Canada for their help in workplace recruitment, and Marie-Eve Blanc and Julie Dextras-Gauthier for the field work

Funding

This study was supported by the Canadian Health Research Institutes and the Fonds de la recherche en santé du Québec.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Human Resources Management, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3225, Albert-Tessier, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5A7, Canada

    Annick Parent-Lamarche

  2. School of Industrial Relations, University of Montreal, Succ. Centre-ville, C.P. 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada

    Alain Marchand

  3. Department of Psychology, American University of Beirut, Jesup Hall, 102, Beirut, Lebanon

    Sabine Saade

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  1. Annick Parent-Lamarche
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Correspondence to Annick Parent-Lamarche.

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Parent-Lamarche, A., Marchand, A. & Saade, S. Does salivary cortisol secretion mediate the association of work-related stressors with workers' depression?. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 95, 477–487 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01792-x

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