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Biological monitoring of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene by PAHs exposure among primary school students in Shiraz, Iran

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Abstract

Aim of study

This research aimed to estimate PAHs exposure in primary school students and determine its association with other PAHs-related factors.

Materials and methods

In total, 120 male primary school students (9–12 years old) were randomly selected from urban and suburban areas in Shiraz. The parents were required to complete a questionnaire including information about second-hand smoke exposure, residential traffic density, daily diet, and walking or being driven to school. High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector was also used to analyze urinary 1-OHP. t test, ANOVA (with Ducan’s post hoc test), and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between quantitative and qualitative variables and urinary 1-OHP concentration.

Results

The range and geometric mean of the creatinine-corrected 1-OHP levels were 120–6950 and 1460 ng/g creatinine, respectively. Besides, 1-OHP levels were higher among the children with smoker parents compared to those having non-smoker parents. The results also revealed a correlation between the duration of exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke and 1-OHP concentration. This correlation was also observed for daily uptake of smoked or grilled foods. However, traffic congestion did not have any significant effects on 1-OHP levels. PAHs are commonly present in Iranian diet. As a result, the weekly intake of dietary PAHs was the most effective predictor of PAHs exposure in the study population.

Conclusion

Due to adverse health effects of PAHs on humans, especially children, more extensive studies are required to identify the sources that contribute to environmental PAHs exposure.

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Acknowledgements

This article was extracted from the thesis written by Mrs. Samaneh Shahsavani, M. Sc. student of Environmental Health engineering. The authors would like to thank the Research Vice-chancellor of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences for financially supporting the research (Proposal No. 7298). They are also grateful for Ms. A. Keivanshekouh at the Research Improvement Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences for improving the use of English in the manuscript.

Funding

This study was funded by the Research Vice-chancellor of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Samaneh Shahsavani

  2. Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Mansooreh Dehghani

  3. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Mohammad Hoseini

  4. Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Mohammad Fararouei

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  1. Samaneh Shahsavani
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  2. Mansooreh Dehghani
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  3. Mohammad Hoseini
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  4. Mohammad Fararouei
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Correspondence to Mansooreh Dehghani.

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Shahsavani, S., Dehghani, M., Hoseini, M. et al. Biological monitoring of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene by PAHs exposure among primary school students in Shiraz, Iran. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 90, 179–187 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-016-1184-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-016-1184-9

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