Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Personal exposure to 1,3-butadiene in a petrochemical plant, assessed by use of diffusive samplers

  • Short Communication
  • Published:
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

This study assessed personal exposure to 1,3-butadiene in a petrochemical plant after the threshold limit value (TLV) had been lowered to 1 part per million (ppm). Air samples were collected from the breathing zone of ten workers by use of diffusive samplers. The number of samples per participant was from three to 18.

Methods

Samples were collected by use of 3M 3500 passive monitors and analysed with a gas chromatograph (GC). Sampling proved to be simple and inexpensive, and laboratory analysis of 1,3-butadiene (BD) permits the analysis of 0.01 ppm in an 8 h sample.

Results

Altogether, 117 samples were analysed, of which 32 samples were under the limit of quantification (LOQ), 81 samples were between the LOQ and 1 ppm, and four samples exceeded the TLV.

Conclusions

This study draws a new picture about the exposure level during BD production and how well adherence to the new TLV is being implemented. The data demonstrated that the TLV was rarely exceeded.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ahlberg R, Sorsa M, Pfaffli P, Maki-Paakkanen J, Viinanen R (1992) Genotoxicity and exposure assessment in the manufacture of 1,3-butadiene. In: WHO Occupational Health in the Chemical Industry. WHO, Copenhagen, pp 199–204

  2. Amoore JE, Hautala E (1983) Odor as an aid to chemical safety: odor thresholds compared with threshold limit values and volatilities for 214 industrial chemicals in air and water dilution. J Appl Toxicol 3:272–290

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Anttinen-Klemetti T, Vaaranrinta R, Peltonen K (1999) Gas chromatographic determination of 3-butene-1,2-diol in urine samples after 1,3-butadiene exposure. J Chromatogr B 730:257–264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bechtold WE, Strunk MR, Chang IY, Ward JB, Jr., Henderson RF (1994) Species differences in urinary butadiene metabolites: comparisons of metabolite ratios between mice, rats, and humans. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 127:44–49

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Budavari S (ed) (1996) In: Merck Index, 12th edn. Merck, New York, pp 248–249

  6. Deutscher Ausschuss für Gefahrstoffe (1992) TRK-Wert für 1.3-Butadiene. TRGS 102:37–41

    Google Scholar 

  7. EHP Online (2002) Report on carcinogens, tenth edition; US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program, December 2002. http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/roc/toc10.html

  8. Fajen JM, Lunsford RA, Roberts DR (1993) Industrial exposure to 1,3-butadiene in monomer, polymer and end-user industries. In: Sorsa M, Peltonen K, Vainio H, Hemminki K (eds) Butadiene and styrene: assessment of health hazards. IARC Scientific Publication 127. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp 3–13

  9. Fraser I (2001) Butadiene—progress under the European Union Existing Substances Regulation. Chem Biol Interact 135–136:103–107

    Google Scholar 

  10. Hase A, Korpinen S, Riistama K, Vuori M (1998) Suomen Kemianteollisuus. (In Finnish) Tampere, pp 49

  11. Hayes RB, Zhang L, Swenberg JA, Yin S, Xi L, Wiencke J, Bechtold WE, Yao M, Rothman N, Haas R, O’Neill JP, Wiemels J, Dosemeci M, Li G, Smith MT (2001) Markers for carcinogenicity among butadiene-polymer workers in China. Chem Biol Interact 135–136:455–464

    Google Scholar 

  12. IARC (1999) IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans 71:109–225

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ilmatieteen laitos (2003) (Meteorological office) (In Finnish).http://www.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi

  14. Kauppinen T, Toikkanen J, Pedersen D, Young R, Ahrens W, Boffetta P Hansen J, Kromhout H, Maqueda Blasco J, Mirabell, D, de la Orden-Rivera V, Pannett B, Plato N, Savela A, Vincent R, Kogevinas, M (2000) Occupational exposure to carcinogens in the European Union. Occup Environ Med 57:10–18

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Kirchner E (1996) Growth of top 50 chemicals slowed in 1995 from very high 1994 rate. Chem Eng News 74:16–18, 20, 22

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kosaric N, Duvnjak Z, Farkas A (eds) (1987) Ullman’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. Ethanol. 5th revised edn. VHC, New York, A6

  17. Lynch J (2001) BD monomer and elastomer production processes. Chem Biol Interact 135–136:147–153

    Google Scholar 

  18. Matanoski GM, Santos-Burgoa C, Schwartz L (1990) Mortality of a cohort of workers in the styrene-butadiene polymer manufacturing industry (1943–1982). Environ Health Perspect 86:107–117

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Morrow NL (1990) The industrial production and use of 1,3-butadiene. Environ Health Perspect 86:7–8

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (1997) Occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene. In: Occupational Safety & Health Administration, US Department of Labour, Introduction to 29 CRF, parts 1910, 1915 and 1926

  21. Osterman-Golkar S, Peltonen K, Anttinen-Klemetti T, Landin HH, Zorcec V, Sorsa M (1996) Haemoglobin adducts as biomarkers of occupational exposure to 1,3- butadiene. Mutagenesis 11:145–149

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Peltonen K, Vaaranrinta R (1995) Sampling and analysis of 1,3-butadiene in air by gas chromatography on a porous-layer open-tubular fused-silica column. J Chromatogr A 710:237–241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Perez HL, Lahdetie J, Landin H, Kilpelainen I, Koivisto P, Peltonen K, Osterman-Golkar, S (1997) Haemoglobin adducts of epoxybutanediol from exposure to 1,3-butadiene or butadiene epoxides. Chem Biol Interact 105:181–198

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Production: mixed in 1996 (1997) Chem Eng News 75:40–45

    Google Scholar 

  25. Santos-Burgoa C, Matanoski GM, Zeger S, Schwartz L (1992) Lymphohematopoietic cancer in styrene-butadiene polymerization workers. Am J Epidemiol 136:843–854

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. SAS Institute Inc (1999) SAS/STAT user’s guide. SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC, p 3884

  27. Sorsa M, Autio K, Demopoulos NA, Jarventaus H, Rossner P, Sram RJ, Stephanou, G, Vlachodimitropoulos D (1994) Human cytogenetic biomonitoring of occupational exposure to 1,3- butadiene. Mutat Res 309:321–326

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Sorsa M, Osterman-Golkar S, Peltonen K, Saarikoski ST, Sram R (1996) Assessment of exposure to butadiene in the process industry. Toxicology 113:77–83

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Sorsa M, Peltonen K, Anderson D, Demopoulos NA, Neumann HG, Osterman-Golkar S (1996) Assessment of environmental and occupational exposures to butadiene as a model for risk estimation of petrochemical emissions. Mutagenesis 11:9–17

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriö, Kemian työsuojeluneuvottelukunta (Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Committee Of Chemical Labour Protection) (1998) HTP-arvot. Turvallisuustiedote 25. (Threshold limit values. Safety Information 25) (In Finnish), Tampere, Finland

  31. Työministeriö (1996) Työministeriön päätös haitalliseksi tunnetuista pitoisuuksista no 397 (In Finnish). (Ministry of Labour; Decision of TLV values no 397). Työministeriö, Helsinki

  32. Verschueren K (1983) Handbook of environmental data on organic chemicals, 2nd edn. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp 295–297

  33. Ward EM, Fajen JM, Ruder AM, Rinsky RA, Halperin WE, Fessler-Flesch CA (1995) Mortality study of workers in 1,3-butadiene production units identified from a chemical workers cohort. Environ Health Perspect 103:598–603

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Weast R, Astle M, Beyer W (eds) (1989) CRC handbook of chemistry and physics, 69th edn. CRC, Boca Raton, Florida, pp C-161, D-212

Download references

Acknowledgements

The workers involved in this study are acknowledged for their enthusiasm, and the Finnish Work Environment Fund is thanked for financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41aA, 00250, Helsinki, Finland

    Tiina Anttinen-Klemetti & Raija Vaaranrinta

  2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland

    Pertti Mutanen

  3. National Veterinary and Food Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland

    Kimmo Peltonen

Authors
  1. Tiina Anttinen-Klemetti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Raija Vaaranrinta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Pertti Mutanen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kimmo Peltonen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tiina Anttinen-Klemetti.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Anttinen-Klemetti, T., Vaaranrinta, R., Mutanen, P. et al. Personal exposure to 1,3-butadiene in a petrochemical plant, assessed by use of diffusive samplers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 77, 288–292 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-003-0501-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-003-0501-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation