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Comparison of the prediction accuracy of 13 formulas in long eyes

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Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the accuracy of modern intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas in eyes with axial length (AL) ≥ 26.00 mm.

Methods

A total of 193 eyes with one type of lens were analysed. An IOL Master 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) was used for optical biometry. Thirteen formulas and their modifications were evaluated: Barrett Universal II, Haigis, Hoffer QST, Holladay 1 MWK, Holladay 1 NLR, Holladay 2 NLR, Kane, Naeser 2, SRK/T, SRK/T MWK, T2, VRF and VRF-G. The User Group for Laser Interference Biometry lens constants were used for IOL power calculation. The mean prediction error (PE) and its standard deviation (SD), the median absolute error (MedAE), the mean absolute error (MAE) and the percentage of eyes with PEs within ± 0.25 D, ± 0.50 D and <  ± 1.00 D were calculated.

Results

The modern formulas (Barrett Universal II, Hoffer QST, Kane, Naeser 2 and VRF-G) produced the smallest MedAE among all methods (0.30 D, 0.30 D, 0.30 D, 0.29 D and 0.28 D, respectively). The percentage of eyes with a PE within ± 0.50 D ranged from 67.48% to 74.85% for SRK/T and Hoffer QST, Naeser 2 and VRF-G, respectively.

Conclusions

Dunn’s post hoc test of the absolute errors revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between some of the newer formulas (Naeser 2 and VRF-G) and the remaining ones. From a clinical perspective the Hoffer QST, Naeser 2 and VRF-G formulas were more accurate predictors of postoperative refraction with the largest proportion of eyes within ± 0.50 D.

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Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kyiv Clinical Ophthalmology Hospital Eye Microsurgery Center, Medical City, Komarov Ave. 3, Kiev, 03680, Ukraine

    Oleksiy Voytsekhivskyy & Larysa Tutchenko

Authors
  1. Oleksiy Voytsekhivskyy
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  2. Larysa Tutchenko
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Larysa Tutchenko. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Oleksiy Voytsekhivskyy and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Oleksiy Voytsekhivskyy.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors. Data collection for this retrospective study was approved by the Kyiv Clinical Ophthalmology Hospital Eye Microsurgery Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (IRB-CME-202021-E).

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Conflict of interest

Dr. Voytsekhivskyy is the inventor and sole owner of the VRF and VRF-G formulas and has a patent on the method of estimation of postoperative lens position (ELP) and the calculation of optical power and is the author and copyright holder of a computer program VRF Suite V1.3.

Dr. Tutchenko declares no potential conflict of interest.

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Voytsekhivskyy, O., Tutchenko, L. Comparison of the prediction accuracy of 13 formulas in long eyes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 261, 2575–2583 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-023-06060-x

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