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Evaluation of microvascular changes in retinal zones and optic disc in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

  • Retinal Disorders
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Abstract

Purpose

The objective of this study was to evaluate the vascular parameters of the retinal zones and the optic disc (OD) with the use of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods

This study enrolled 60 patients with T1DM without clinically detectable diabetic retinopathy (DR), along with 59 age-, gender-, and pubertal stage-matched controls. The ages of the participants in both groups were < 18 years. Retinal and OD measurements were carried out with OCTA. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, non-flow area (NFA), FAZ perimeter (PERIM), acircularity index of FAZ (AI, the rate of the perimeter of FAZ and the perimeter of a circle with equal area), foveal density (FD), superficial (SCP), and the deep capillary plexus (DCP) were analyzed in the macular region. SCP and DCP were also scanned centered on the OD. Correlations between the OCTA parameters with duration of DM, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and microalbuminuria were evaluated among patients with T1DM.

Results

The mean values for NFA were significantly higher and mean FD were significantly lower in the diabetic group compared with the controls (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). The mean values for SCP and DCP were significantly lower in diabetic group (p < 0.05). The mean values for capillary density in the OD were also significantly lower in diabetic group (p < 0.05). There were correlations between the duration of T1DM, HbA1c levels and microalbuminuria, and the investigated parameters of OCTA.

Conclusions

The presence of microvascular changes in both retinal zones and the OD in children with T1DM without retinopathy is an important data. OCTA can be used for the early detection of DR in children.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey

    Ozlem Kara

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Bursa City Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey

    Mehmet Erol Can

Authors
  1. Ozlem Kara
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  2. Mehmet Erol Can
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Contributions

Concept: Ozlem Kara, Mehmet Erol Can

Design: Ozlem Kara, Mehmet Erol Can

Definition of intellectual content: Ozlem Kara, Mehmet Erol Can

Literature Search: Ozlem Kara, Mehmet Erol Can

Data acquisition: Ozlem Kara, Mehmet Erol Can

Data analysis: Ozlem Kara, Mehmet Erol Can

Statistical analysis: Ozlem Kara, Mehmet Erol Can

Manuscript preparation: Ozlem Kara, Mehmet Erol Can

Manuscript editing and manuscript review: Ozlem Kara, Mehmet Erol Can

The guarantors of manuscript are Ozlem Kara and Mehmet Erol Can

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ozlem Kara.

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The authors declare they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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The manuscript was presented as an oral presentation in the Turkish Ophthalmological Association 16th March Symposium in Erzurum, Turkey at March 15-17, 2019

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Kara, O., Can, M.E. Evaluation of microvascular changes in retinal zones and optic disc in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 259, 323–334 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04935-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04935-x

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