References
Giladi N, Treves TA, Simon ES, Shabtai H, Orlov Y, Kandinov B, Paleacu D, Korczyn AD (2001) Freezing of gait in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm 108:53–61
Giladi N (2008) Medical treatment of freezing of gait. Mov Disord 23:482–488
Rahman S, Griffin HJ, Quinn NP, Jahanshahi M (2008) Quality of life in Parkinson’s disease: the relative importance of the symptoms. Mov Disord 23:1428–1434
Muslimovic D, Post B, Speelman JD, Schmand B, de Haan RJ (2008) Determinants of disability and quality of life in mild to moderate Parkinson disease. Neurology 70:2241–2247
Moore O, Peretz C, Giladi N (2007) Freezing of gait affects quality of life of peoples with Parkinson’s disease beyond its relationships with mobility and gait. Mov Disord 22:2192–2195
Deuschl G, Schade-Brittinger C, Krack P, Volkmann J, Schafer H, Botzel K, Daniels C, Deutschlander A, Dillmann U, Eisner W, Gruber D, Hamel W, Herzog J, Hilker R, Klebe S, Kloss M, Koy J, Krause M, Kupsch A, Lorenz D, Lorenzl S, Mehdorn HM, Moringlane JR, Oertel W, Pinsker MO, Reichmann H, Reuss A, Schneider G, Schnitzler A, Steude U, Sturm V, Timmermann L, Tronnier V, Trottenberg T, Wojtecki L, Wolf E, Poewe W, Voges J (2006) A randomized trial of deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease. New Engl J Med 355:896–908
Moreau C, Defebvre L, Destee A, Bleuse S, Clement F, Blatt JL, Krystkowiak P, Devos D (2008) STN-DBS frequency effects on freezing of gait in advanced Parkinson disease. Neurology 71:80–84
Ferraye MU, Debu B, Fraix V, Goetz L, Ardouin C, Yelnik J, Henry-Lagrange C, Seigneuret E, Piallat B, Krack P, Le Bas JF, Benabid AL, Chabardes S, Pollak P (2010) Effects of pedunculopontine nucleus area stimulation on gait disorders in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 133:205–214
Stefani A, Lozano AM, Peppe A, Stanzione P, Galati S, Tropepi D, Pierantozzi M, Brusa L, Scarnati E, Mazzone P (2007) Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine and subthalamic nuclei in severe Parkinson’s disease. Brain 130:1596–1607
Moro E, Hamani C, Poon YY, Al-Khairallah T, Dostrovsky JO, Hutchison WD, Lozano AM (2010) Unilateral pedunculopontine stimulation improves falls in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 133:215–224
Langston JW, Widner H, Goetz CG, Brooks D, Fahn S, Freeman T, Watts R (1992) Core assessment program for intracerebral transplantations (CAPIT). Mov Disord 7:2–13
Giladi N, Tal J, Azulay T, Rascol O, Brooks DJ, Melamed E, Oertel W, Poewe WH, Stocchi F, Tolosa E (2009) Validation of the freezing of gait questionnaire in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 24:655–661
Chastan N, Westby GW, Yelnik J, Bardinet E, Do MC, Agid Y, Welter ML (2009) Effects of nigral stimulation on locomotion and postural stability in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Brain 132:172–184
Jenkinson N, Nandi D, Miall RC, Stein JF, Aziz TZ (2004) Pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation improves akinesia in a Parkinsonian monkey. Neuroreport 15:2621–2624
Aziz TZ, Davies L, Stein J, France S (1998) The role of descending basal ganglia connections to the brain stem in parkinsonian akinesia. Br J Neurosurg 12:245–249
Winn P (2006) How best to consider the structure and function of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: evidence from animal studies. J Neurol Sci 248:234–250
Breit S, Lessmann L, Unterbrink D, Popa RC, Gasser T, Schulz JB (2006) Lesion of the pedunculopontine nucleus reverses hyperactivity of the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata in a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model. Eur J neurosci 24:2275–2282
Bejjani BP, Damier P, Arnulf I, Thivard L, Bonnet AM, Dormont D, Cornu P, Pidoux B, Samson Y, Agid Y (1999) Transient acute depression induced by high-frequency deep-brain stimulation. N Engl J Med 340(19):1476–1480
Acknowledgments
Daniel Weiss received funding from Medtronic GmbH and from the Medical Faculty of University of Tübingen (AKF 259-0-0). Christian Plewnia was supported by grants from the German Research Council [DFG PL 525/11] and from the University of Tübingen [AKF 238-0-0]. Alireza Gharabaghi was supported by grants from the German Research Council [DFG GH 94/2-1, DFG EC 307], Federal Ministry for Education and Research [Bernstein 01GQ0761, BMBF 16SV3783], Medtronic Research Grant, European Union [ERC 2276329], and the University of Tübingen [AKF 238-0-0]. Rejko Krüger is supported by grants of the German Research Council [DFG; KR2119/3-2, the Michael J Fox Foundation, the Federal Ministry for Education and Research [BMBF, NGFNplus; 01GS08134] and from the Medical Faculty of the University of Tübingen [AKF 238-0-0].
Conflict of interest
D. Weiss received speaker’s honoraria and travel grants from Medtronic and Solvay. T. Wächter has received speaker’s honoraria and travel grants from Medtronic, Schwarz Pharma, and Solvay. S. Breit, C. Plewnia, and A. Gharabaghi reports no conflict of interest. R. Krüger received speaker’s honoraria and/or travel grants from UCB Pharma, Cephalon, Abott Pharma, Takeda Pharma, and Medtronic.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Supplementary material 2 (MPG 22553 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Weiss, D., Breit, S., Wächter, T. et al. Combined stimulation of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and the subthalamic nucleus is effective in hypokinetic gait disturbance in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol 258, 1183–1185 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-011-5906-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-011-5906-3