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Bone age estimation based on multislice computed tomography study of the scapula

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Abstract

Progress in medical imaging has opened new areas of research in forensic anthropology, especially in the context of the study of bone age assessment. The study of bone age has become a useful tool for age estimation at death or age of young adult migrants in an anthropological context. We retrospectively evaluated multislice computed tomography (MSCT) explorations focused on scapulae of 232 individuals (123 males; 109 females) aged between 8 and 30 years old. Computed tomography (CT) scans were viewed in axial and multiplanar reconstructed images using OsiriX 5.9 (64 bit)®. The ossification centers of the scapula studied were as follows: acromial, sub-coracoid, glenoid, coracoid, coracoid apex, and inferior angle epiphyses. Fusion status was scored based on a five-stage system (stage 1: no ossification, stage 2: visualization of an ossification center, stage 3: partial ossification, stage 4: full ossification associated to an epiphyseal scar, and stage 5: full ossification without epiphyseal scar). Intra-observer variability was excellent, and inter-observer variability was good, demonstrating the reliability of this MSCT staging system. The fusion of scapular ossification centers was statistically associated with age (p < 0.001) but not with sex (p > 0.05). In conclusion, MSCT of the scapula is an efficient method for age assessment, which is complementary to preexisting methods particularly for specifying the 18-year threshold. Further studies with larger groups are needed to support our results.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR 5288 CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073, Toulouse, France

    Florence Nougarolis, Fatima-Zohra Mokrane, Fabrice Dedouit & Norbert Telmon

  2. Service de Médecine Légale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Toulouse – Rangueil, 1 Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès, TSA 50032, 31059, Toulouse, France

    Florence Nougarolis, Fabrice Dedouit & Norbert Telmon

  3. Service de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Toulouse – Rangueil, 1 Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès, TSA 50032, 31059, Toulouse, France

    Florence Nougarolis, Fatima-Zohra Mokrane, Hervé Rousseau & Fabrice Dedouit

  4. Service de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Toulouse – Purpan – Hôpital Pierre Paul Riquet, 330 Avenue de Grande Bretagne, 31059, Toulouse, France

    Nicolas Sans

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  1. Florence Nougarolis
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Nougarolis, F., Mokrane, FZ., Sans, N. et al. Bone age estimation based on multislice computed tomography study of the scapula. Int J Legal Med 131, 547–558 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-016-1466-5

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