References
Risgaard B, Winkel BG, Jabbari R, Behr ER, Ingemann-Hansen O, Thomsen JL, Ottesen GL, Gislason GH, Bundgaard H, Haunso S, Holst AG, Tfelt-Hansen J (2014) Burden of sudden cardiac death in persons aged 1 to 49 years: nationwide study in Denmark. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 7(2):205–211. doi:10.1161/CIRCEP.113.001421
William CR (1990) Sudden cardiac death: a diversity of causes with focus on atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 65(4):13–19. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(90)91286-F
Zheng Z-J, Croft JB, Giles WH, Mensah GA (2001) Sudden cardiac death in the United States, 1989 to 1998. Circulation 104(18):2158–2163. doi:10.1161/hc4301.098254
National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection E, Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in A (2002) Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 106(25):3143–3421
Brice P, Burton H, Edwards CW, Humphries SE, Aitman TJ (2013) Familial hypercholesterolaemia: a pressing issue for European health care. Atherosclerosis 231(2):223–226. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.09.019
Benn M, Watts GF, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG (2012) Familial hypercholesterolemia in the Danish general population: prevalence, coronary artery disease, and cholesterol-lowering medication. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97(11):3956–3964. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1563
Nordestgaard BG, Chapman MJ, Humphries SE, Ginsberg HN, Masana L, Descamps OS, Wiklund O, Hegele RA, Raal FJ, Defesche JC, Wiegman A, Santos RD, Watts GF, Parhofer KG, Hovingh GK, Kovanen PT, Boileau C, Averna M, Boren J, Bruckert E, Catapano AL, Kuivenhoven JA, Pajukanta P, Ray K, Stalenhoef AF, Stroes E, Taskinen MR, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus P (2013) Familial hypercholesterolaemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population: guidance for clinicians to prevent coronary heart disease: consensus statement of the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J 34(45):3478–3490a. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht273
van Aalst-Cohen ES, Jansen AC, Tanck MW, Defesche JC, Trip MD, Lansberg PJ, Stalenhoef AF, Kastelein JJ (2006) Diagnosing familial hypercholesterolaemia: the relevance of genetic testing. Eur Heart J 27(18):2240–2246. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl113
Soutar AK, Naoumova RP (2007) Mechanisms of disease: genetic causes of familial hypercholesterolemia. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 4(4):214–225. doi:10.1038/ncpcardio0836
Larsen MK, Nissen PH, Kristensen IB, Jensen HK, Banner J (2012) Sudden cardiac death in young adults: environmental risk factors and genetic aspects of premature atherosclerosis. J Forensic Sci 57(3):658–662. doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.02028.x
Vuorio AF, Kontula K, Turtola H, Sajantila A (1999) Post mortem molecularly defined familial hypercholesterolemia and sudden cardiac death of young men. Forensic Sci Int 106(2):87–92
Reiner Z, Catapano AL, De Backer G, Graham I, Taskinen MR, Wiklund O, Agewall S, Alegria E, Chapman MJ, Durrington P, Erdine S, Halcox J, Hobbs RH, Kjekshus JK, Perrone Filardi P, Riccardi G, Storey RF, David W, Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee of the Spanish Society of C (2011) ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Rev Esp Cardiol 64(12):1168 e1161–1168 e1160. doi:10.1016/j.recesp.2011.09.014
Tester DJ, Medeiros-Domingo A, Will ML, Haglund CM, Ackerman MJ (2012) Cardiac channel molecular autopsy: insights from 173 consecutive cases of autopsy-negative sudden unexplained death referred for postmortem genetic testing. Mayo Clin Proc 87(6):524–539. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.02.017
Allegue C, Gil R, Blanco-Verea A, Santori M, Rodríguez-Calvo M, Concheiro L, Carracedo Á, Brion M (2011) Prevalence of HCM and long QT syndrome mutations in young sudden cardiac death-related cases. Int J Legal Med 125(4):565–572. doi:10.1007/s00414-011-0572-7
Hertz CL, Ferrero-Miliani L, Frank-Hansen R, Morling N, Bundgaard H (2015) A comparison of genetic findings in sudden cardiac death victims and cardiac patients: the importance of phenotypic classification. Europace 17(3):350–357. doi:10.1093/europace/euu210
Hertz CL, Christiansen SL, Ferrero-Miliani L, Fordyce SL, Dahl M, Holst AG, Ottesen GL, Frank-Hansen R, Bundgaard H, Morling N (2015) Next-generation sequencing of 34 genes in sudden unexplained death victims in forensics and in patients with channelopathic cardiac diseases. Int J Legal Med 129(4):793–800. doi:10.1007/s00414-014-1105-y
Farrugia A, Keyser C, Hollard C, Raul JS, Muller J, Ludes B (2015) Targeted next generation sequencing application in cardiac channelopathies: analysis of a cohort of autopsy-negative sudden unexplained deaths. Forensic Sci Int 254:5–11. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.06.023
Brion M, Blanco-Verea A, Sobrino B, Santori M, Gil R, Ramos-Luis E, Martinez M, Amigo J, Carracedo A (2014) Next generation sequencing challenges in the analysis of cardiac sudden death due to arrhythmogenic disorders. Electrophoresis 35(21–22):3111–3116. doi:10.1002/elps.201400148
Campuzano O, Sanchez-Molero O, Allegue C, Coll M, Mademont-Soler I, Selga E, Ferrer-Costa C, Mates J, Iglesias A, Sarquella-Brugada G, Cesar S, Brugada J, Castella J, Medallo J, Brugada R (2014) Post-mortem genetic analysis in juvenile cases of sudden cardiac death. Forensic Sci Int 245C:30–37. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.10.004
Hertz CL, Christiansen SL, Larsen MK, Dahl M, Ferrero-Miliani L, Weeke PE, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Grarup N, Ottesen GL, Frank-Hansen R, Banner J, Morling N (2015) Genetic investigations of sudden unexpected deaths in infancy using next-generation sequencing of 100 genes associated with cardiac diseases. Eur J Hum Genet. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.198
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hertz, C.L., Christiansen, S.L., Ottesen, G.L. et al. Post-mortem investigation of young deceased individuals with ischemic heart disease—outcome of supplementary genetic testing for dyslipidemia. Int J Legal Med 130, 947–948 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-015-1282-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-015-1282-3