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Assembly of the transcription machinery: ordered and stable, random and dynamic, or both?

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Abstract

The assembly of the transcription machinery is a key step in gene activation, but even basic details of this process remain unclear. Here we discuss the apparent discrepancy between the classic sequential assembly model based mostly on biochemistry and an emerging dynamic assembly model based mostly on fluorescence microscopy. The former model favors a stable transcription complex with subunits that cooperatively assemble in order, whereas the latter model favors an unstable complex with subunits that may assemble more randomly. To confront this apparent discrepancy, we review the merits and drawbacks of the different experimental approaches and list potential biasing factors that could be responsible for the different interpretations of assembly. We then discuss how these biases might be overcome in the future with improved experiments or new techniques. Finally, we discuss how kinetic models for assembly may help resolve the ordered and stable vs. random and dynamic assembly debate.

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Abbreviations

PIC:

Preinitiation complex

ChIP:

Chromatin immunoprecipitation

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

FRAP:

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching

FLIP:

Fluorescence loss in photobleaching

FCS:

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

SMT:

Single-molecule tracking

Fabs:

Antigen binding fragments

FCCS:

Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy

MFPT:

Mean first passage time

SPM:

Surface plasmon resonance

TIRFM:

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Hiroshi Kimura, David Auble, Akhilesh Nagaich, and Avin Lalmansingh for the critical reading of the manuscript and helpful comments. This research was supported in part by the intramural program of the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, and the Center for Cancer Research. TJS was also supported by a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellowship for Foreign Researchers.

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  1. Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Timothy J. Stasevich

  2. National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    James G. McNally

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  1. Timothy J. Stasevich
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  2. James G. McNally
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Correspondence to James G. McNally.

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Communicated by: Erich Nigg

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Stasevich, T.J., McNally, J.G. Assembly of the transcription machinery: ordered and stable, random and dynamic, or both?. Chromosoma 120, 533–545 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-011-0340-y

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