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Nuclear envelope-limited chromatin sheets (ELCS) and heterochromatin higher order structure

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Abstract

The interphase nucleus and nuclear envelope can acquire a myriad of shapes in normal or pathological cell states. There exist a wide variety of indentations and invaginations, of protrusions and evaginations. It has been difficult to classify and name all of these nuclear shapes and, consequently, a barrier to understanding the biochemical and biophysical causes. This review focuses upon one type of nuclear envelope shape change, named “nuclear envelope-limited chromatin sheets” (ELCS), which appears to involve exaggerated nuclear envelope growth, carrying with it one or more layers of ∼30 nm diameter heterochromatin. A hypothesis on the formation of ELCS is proposed, relating higher order heterochromatin structure in an interphase nucleus, nuclear envelope growth, and nuclear envelope-heterochromatin interactions.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to express their appreciation to Bowdoin College and to the German Cancer Research Center (Heidelberg, Germany) for providing intellectually stimulating environments, enabling us to pursue our ideas and involve colleagues in critical discussions. Especially, we are grateful to William Steinhart (Bowdoin) for giving us space to work in his laboratory and to Harald Herrmann and Peter Lichter (German Cancer Research Center) for hosting us in their laboratories during our frequent trips to Heidelberg. David Bazett-Jones (Toronto) generously permitted us to collaborate with him in acquiring phosphorus images of ELCS. This research was supported by an R15 grant from NHLBI and by support from the Department of Biology, Bowdoin College. Some of these studies were performed while ALO and DEO were Guest Scientists at the German Cancer Research Center.

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    Donald E. Olins & Ada L. Olins

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Olins, D.E., Olins, A.L. Nuclear envelope-limited chromatin sheets (ELCS) and heterochromatin higher order structure. Chromosoma 118, 537–548 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-009-0219-3

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